Notes

Look at physician-modified endografts to treat thoraco-abdominal along with pararenal aortic pathologies at the one establishment.
aching.
Case based teaching (CBT) has been accepted as an effective interactive learning strategy. Digital portals allow the students to learn the content at their own pace, explore various resources and finally enable them to discuss within group and build team work approach, which is a prime focus in the health care professional field. The aim of this study was to assess the perception and learning outcome of first year medical students towards CBT using e-learning approach.

This is a non-randomized, interventional study on first year undergraduate medical students from 2017-18 batch (43) and 2018-19 batch (41) of Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University. They were divided into a group of 8-10 members, who attended six sessions of case-based teaching via Google group. Learning outcome was analyzed by comparing the students who participated in the sessions and those who did not. Feedback survey questionnaire was analyzed by Mann Whitney ranking test and focus group discussion by thematic analysis for qualitative analysis manually.

A p value <0.01 was considered statistically significant for post-test by e-learning tool for CBT. Participants agreed that CBT is a good way to conceptualize applied aspect of basic science, enhance critical thinking, and explore varied resources. Thus, they confirmed that team building approach and leadership qualities for managing the group contributed to better understanding of the course and would be useful to them in near future.

Usage of Google group technology for CBT allowed medical students to explore clinical application of basic sciences course from the first year of the program, going beyond the classroom, thus developing self-directed learning and team building approach.
Usage of Google group technology for CBT allowed medical students to explore clinical application of basic sciences course from the first year of the program, going beyond the classroom, thus developing self-directed learning and team building approach.
As future health professionals, medical students should be aware of their social accountability and their role in the society. The aim was to assess the attitudes and awareness of medical students regarding the social accountability and to identify the factors determining their attitudes and possible levers for action.

Online survey among undergraduate students at the medical school in 2019 (N = 2128). The data collection tool was developed based on the literature review, the principles of social accountability SR and the toolkit (The development of the Students' Toolkit on Social Accountability of Medical Schools was a collaboration between the International Federation of Medical Students' Associations (IFMSA) and the Training for Health Equity Network (THEnet). The data were collected in December by LimeSurvey software version 1.90 and analyzed by SPSS version 16 according to the usual descriptive and bivariate. The Fisher test was used to compare two percentages and the Student t-test to compare two meplead in favor of reinforcing our school strategies to concretize the principles of SR while training the students.
The level of knowledge of the concepts by the students seems to be average. It would be necessary to look for the means to plead in favor of reinforcing our school strategies to concretize the principles of SR while training the students.The biological reason(s) behind persistent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV (albeit at reduced rate compared to the preantiretroviral therapy era) in spite of the successful implementation of advanced control measures in many African countries remains a priority concern to many HIV/AIDS control programs. This may be partly due to differences in host immunogenetic factors in highly polymorphic regions of the human genome such as those encoding the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) molecules which modulate the activities of natural killer cells. The primary aim of this study was to determine the variants of KIR genes that may have a role to play in MTCT in a cohort of infants born to HIV-infected mothers in Yaoundé, Cameroon. We designed a cross-sectional study to molecularly determine the frequencies of 15 KIR genes in 14 HIV-exposed infected (HEI), 39 HIV-exposed/uninfected (HEU), and 27 HIV-unexposed/uninfected (HUU) infants using the sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) method. We found that all 15 KIR genes were present in our cohort. The frequency of KIR2DL1 was significantly higher in the unexposed (control) group than in the HIV-exposed group (OR = 0.22, P = 0.006). Stratifying analysis by infection status but focusing only on exposed infants revealed that KIR2DL5, KIR2DS1, and KIR2DS5 were significantly overrepresented among the HIV-exposed/uninfected compared to infected infants (OR = 0.20, P = 0.006). Similarly, the frequencies of KIR2DS1, KIR2DS5, and KIR2DL5 were significantly different between infants perinatally infected with HIV (HIV+ by 6 months of age) and HIV-negative infants. learn more Our study demonstrates that KIR genes may have differential effects with regard to MTCT of HIV-1.This study is to investigate the relationship of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1; also known as PDCD1) and programmed death-1-ligand 1 (PD-L1; also known as CD274) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study enrolled 330 PCOS patients and 350 matched controls. ELISA was used to detect the PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in serum. SnaPshot genotyping was performed to analyze the PD-1 and PD-L1 genotyping. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype of TagSNP loci of PD-1 and PD-L1 genes were also detected. The relationship of genotypes and alleles with PCOS was analyzed. The levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the serum of PCOS patients were significantly lower than those in the control group (P less then 0.01). The haplotype TT of PD-1 gene at rs10204525 and rs7421861 loci was significantly lower in the PCOS group than in the control group (P less then 0.001, OR = 0.67, and 95%CI = 0.54-0.84). PD-L1 gene SNP loci rs2282055, rs2890658, rs10125854, and rs702275 had linkage disequilibrium. The haplotypes TAAA, GAAC, GAGC, GCAA, and TCGA of PD-L1 gene SNP loci were significantly higher in PCOS patients than in the control group, whereas haplotypes GAAA, TAAC, TCAA, GCGA, GCAC, and TCGC of PD-L1 gene SNP loci were significantly lower in PCOS patients than in the control group. PD-1 and PD-L1 SNPs may be related to the pathogenesis of PCOS. PD-1 gene SNP loci rs10204525 and rs7421861 and PD-L1 gene SNP loci rs2282055, rs2890658, rs10125854, and rs702275 may be new candidate polymorphic loci for PCOS.
L-carnitine mediates the utilization of fatty acids and glucose in the myocardium. The potential of L-carnitine in managing dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in patients has been extensively reported, with additional benefits.

This meta-analysis purposed to explore the clinical efficacy of L-carnitine therapy on DCM patients.

We searched publications up to May 2020 from several databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical (CBM) database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals database (VIP), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, and Wanfang database. Subsequently, publications that met the inclusion criteria were systematically evaluated by two independent reviewers.

A total of 23 RCTs conducted in China with 1455 DCM patients were included in this study. In the meta-analysis, L-carnitine therapy was associated with a considerable improvement in the overall efficacy (RR = 1.28, 95% CI (1.21-1.36),
< 0.0001), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (MD = 6.16%, 95% CI (4.50, 7.83),
< 0.0001), and cardiac output (CO) (MD = 0.88 L/min, 95% CI (0.51, 1.25),
< 0.0001) as compared to the control group. Moreover, L-carnitine therapy significantly decreased left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) (MD = -2.53, 95% CI (-3.95, -1.12),
= 0.0005), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (SMD = -1.71 ng/L, 95% CI (-3.02, -0.40),
= 0.01), and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-
1) (MD = -56.78 ng/L, 95% CI (-66.02, -47.53),
< 0.0001).

L-carnitine potentially enhanced the therapeutic efficiency in DCM patients. Following weaknesses in the evidence due to low methodological quality and high clinical heterogeneity in the included studies, well-designed trials are recommended.
L-carnitine potentially enhanced the therapeutic efficiency in DCM patients. Following weaknesses in the evidence due to low methodological quality and high clinical heterogeneity in the included studies, well-designed trials are recommended.
Neck pain (NP) is a common work-related disorder, with high prevalence in the profession of teaching. The daily duties of a school teacher involve head-down postures while reading and writing, which expose them to the risk of developing NP. Deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles have been reported to have lower endurance in patients with cervical impairment, which has additionally been associated with disability. There is limited evidence regarding the efficacy of training of DCF muscles in occupational NP. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of DCF muscle training on pain, muscle endurance, and functional disability using pressure biofeedback in school teachers with NP.

Sixty-five teachers (age, 25-45 years) with more than 5 years of teaching experience participated in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups the experimental (E) and control (C) groups. In the E group, the subjects underwent DCF muscle training using pressure biofeedback in addition to conventional exercineck pain and functional disability. These results should be further correlated clinically. A dedicated time for exercises at school could help prevent the development of NP in teachers. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03537300 May 24, 2018 (retrospectively registered).
Besides increasing muscle endurance, specific training of DCF muscles in addition to conventional exercises can improve neck pain and functional disability. These results should be further correlated clinically. A dedicated time for exercises at school could help prevent the development of NP in teachers. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03537300 May 24, 2018 (retrospectively registered).
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, with a recent global increase of 20% in age-related incidence. Ultrasonography and ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) are the most widely used diagnostic tests for thyroid nodules; however, it is estimated that up to 25% of thyroid biopsies are cytologically inconclusive. Molecular markers can help guide patient-oriented and targeted treatment of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer.

Datasets related to papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) or thyroid carcinoma (GSE129562, GSE3678, GSE54958, GSE138042, and GSE124653) were downloaded from the GEO database and analysed using the Limma package of R software. For functional enrichment analysis, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis and Gene Ontology were applied to differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the Metascape website. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built from the STRING database. Gene expression, protein expression, immunohistochemistry, and potential functional gene survival were analysed using the GEPIA website, the Human Protein Atlas website, and the UALCAN website.
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