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The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes worldwide is a major global public health concern. Prediabetes is a reversible condition and is seen as the critical phase for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is to identify and synthesize current evidence on the perceived barriers and facilitators of lifestyle change among people with prediabetes in terms of both initial change and lifestyle change maintenance.

A systematic literature search in six bibliographic databases was conducted in April 2021. Potential studies were assessed for eligibility based on pre-set criteria. Quality appraisal was done on the included studies, and the thematic synthesis approach was applied to synthesize and analyse the data from the included studies.

Twenty primary studies were included, containing the experiences of 552 individuals. Thirteen studies reported participants perceived facilitators and barriers of lifestyle change when taking part in community-based lifestyle intervention programs, while he perceived barriers and facilitators of lifestyle change might inform people with prediabetes, healthcare professionals, and policy makers in terms of the need for psychological, social, and environmental support for this population.
Awareness of prediabetes and the perception of its related risks affects the motivation for lifestyle change in people at risk of type 2 diabetes; but this does not necessarily lead to lifestyle changes. Facilitators and barriers of lifestyle change are found to be in a complex interplay within multiple ecological levels, including the interpersonal, intrapersonal, environmental and policy level. An integrated understanding and analysis of the perceived barriers and facilitators of lifestyle change might inform people with prediabetes, healthcare professionals, and policy makers in terms of the need for psychological, social, and environmental support for this population.
Most patients with comorbid sleep apnea (OSA), cardiovascular (CV) disease, and/or cerebrovascular (CeV) disease simultaneously take medications. Whether OSA and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interact with CV/CeV medications remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the interaction among OSA, CPAP, and CV/CeV medications; the effects of medications on major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, and survival in patients with comorbid OSA and CV/CeV.

This was a post hoc analysis of the data from one center of the Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular Endpoints Study. Participants (aged 45-75 years) with comorbid OSA and CV/CeV were randomized to receive usual care with or without CPAP from December 2008 to November 2013. The primary endpoint was death and the secondary endpoint was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, and transient ischemic attack.

In total, 131 patients were analyzed. Sixty-three were in the CPAP group and 6OSA may predispose patients with CV/CeV and CV/CeV medications to a negative effect. CPAP treatment may neutralize the negative effects of OSA by relieving chronic intermittent hypoxia. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00738179, first registration date 20/08/2008).
Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor, and it has a high mortality rate. However, the study of miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in the plasma of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is insufficient. Therefore, this study explored the differential expression of mRNA and miRNA in the plasma of NSCLC patients.

The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to download microarray datasets, and the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were analyzed. We predicted transcription factors and target genes of the DEMs by using FunRich software and the TargetScanHuman database, respectively. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used for GO annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis of downstream target genes. We constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) and DEM-hub gene networks using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. The GSE20189 dataset was used to screen out the key hub gene. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and UALCAN databases tgher than the healthy controls. The ROC curve confirmed that the DEMs could better distinguish lung cancer patients from healthy people.

The results showed that miR-199a-5p and miR-186-5p may be noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC patients. MiR-199a-5p-KLHL3 may be involved in the occurrence and development of NSCLC.
The results showed that miR-199a-5p and miR-186-5p may be noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC patients. MiR-199a-5p-KLHL3 may be involved in the occurrence and development of NSCLC.
To date, only few studies have investigated ghrelin levels in bipolar disorders, and all have exclusively measured acylated ghrelin, with none investigating total ghrelin (acylated and des-acylated). We aimed to investigate peripheral levels of acylated and total ghrelin in subjects experiencing a manic episode of bipolar disorder.

Peripheral levels of acylated and total ghrelin were measured in hospitalised medicated individuals recovering from a manic episode. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure ghrelin levels in patients and compared with healthy controls. The relationship between ghrelin levels in bipolar disorder, self-reported hunger measures, demographic and clinical parameters was investigated with correlational analyses.

Twenty-four subjects (15 males, 9 females) recovering from mania and 27 matched healthy controls (13 males, 14 females) were recruited for the study. Mean values of both acylated (187 vs.520 pg/mL) and total ghrelin (396 vs. 648 pg/mL) were significantly reduced in bipolar disorder (p= 0.001). Ghrelin levels correlated positively with markers of illness severity and negatively with prescribed mood stabilizers, second-generation antipsychotics, weight and body mass index.

Peripheral measurements of acylated and total ghrelin were both reduced in bipolar disorder patients compared to healthy controls. Whilst illness severity promotes higher ghrelin levels, pharmacological treatment and weight gain exercise the opposite effect.
Peripheral measurements of acylated and total ghrelin were both reduced in bipolar disorder patients compared to healthy controls. Whilst illness severity promotes higher ghrelin levels, pharmacological treatment and weight gain exercise the opposite effect.
Giving birth to one's first child is a life changing event. Beyond the post-partum period, little is known about the association between becoming a mother and mental disorder among migrant women. This study investigates outpatient mental health (OPMH) service use, a proxy for mental disorder, among married migrant and non-migrant women who become mothers and those who do not.

Using Norwegian register data, we followed 90,195 married women, aged 18-40 years, with no children at baseline between 2008-2013 to see if becoming a mother was associated with OPMH service use. Data were analysed using discrete time analyses.

We found an interaction between motherhood and migrant category. Married non-migrant mothers, both in the perinatal period and beyond, had lower odds of OPMH use than married non-mothers. There was no association between motherhood and OPMH service use for migrants. However, there was no significant interaction between motherhood and migrant category when we excluded women who had been in Noied non-migrant women. Selection effects and barriers to care may explain the lack of difference in OPMH service use that we found across motherhood status and labour market attachment for married migrant women. Married migrant women in general have a lower level of OPMH use than married non-migrants. Married migrant women with less than five years in Norway and those with no/weak labour market attachment may experience the greatest barriers to care. Further research to bridge the gap between need for, and use of, mental health care among migrant women is required.
The optimal radiation dose for treating non-metastatic superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is unknown. In this retrospective observational study, we investigated the influence of radiation dose and pretreatment endoscopic prediction of tumor invasion depth on local recurrence after definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

We analyzed 134 patients with clinical Tis-T1N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent chemoradiotherapy at our institution between 2006 and 2019. Patients were grouped into standard-dose (50.0-50.4 Gy) and high-dose (60.0 Gy) radiotherapy groups. The outcomes of interest were local recurrence and major local recurrence (endoscopically unresectable local recurrent tumors). Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test were used with propensity score and inverse probability of treatment weighting. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to identify predictors of local recurrence and major local recurrence.

rd-dose radiotherapy in patients with non-metastatic superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The use of high-dose radiotherapy may merit consideration for tumors with deep submucosal invasion.
Maternal lifestyle is discussed as a modifiable determinant in the prevention of preterm birth. However, previous research on associations between individual lifestyle factors and preterm birth risk is inconclusive. In this secondary analysis, we investigated the associations between several modifiable antenatal lifestyle factors and the odds of preterm birth.

This secondary cohort analysis used data from the cluster-randomised controlled "healthy living in pregnancy" (GeliS) trial. Leptomycin B Data were collected from early pregnancy to birth with maternity records, validated questionnaires and birth protocols. Women with complete datasets for all covariates were eligible for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for recognised risk factors, were fitted to determine whether dietary quality, assessed with a healthy eating index (HEI), physical activity (PA) levels and antenatal anxiety/distress influenced the odds of preterm birth. Moreover, the combined association between pre-pregnancy body marly pregnancy modifiable lifestyle factors is warranted.

This trial is registered with the Clinical Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01958307 ). Registration date 09October 2013, retrospectively registered.
This trial is registered with the Clinical Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01958307 ). Registration date 09 October 2013, retrospectively registered.
This study aimed to compare obstetric outcomes in Korean women with and without future cardiovascular disease (CVD) within 10years after pregnancy, and assessed whether pregnancy complications are independent risk factors, and whether the combination of pregnancy complications has an additive function for risk factors for CVD.

This was a nationwide population-based study combining the database of the Korea National Health Insurance claims and National Health Screening Programs to assess preeclampsia, low birth weight (LBW), and preterm delivery as risk factors for CVD. Cox proportional hazards models was used to evaluate the risk of total CVD, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke after the pregnancy complications, with adjustment for potential confounding variables.

Women with CVD were likely to have a higher prevalence of pregnancy complications than women without CVD. The risk of total CVD was associated with preeclampsia (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.60 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50-1.72]), LBW (1.
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