Notes

Scientific Values in the Islamic Point of view : A new qualitative research going through the sights regarding Jordanian medical doctors.
High mammographic density in postmenopausal women is an independent risk factor for breast cancer by undetermined mechanisms. No preventive therapy for this risk group is available. Activated platelets release growth factors that modulate the microenvironment into a protumorigenic state. Estrogens may affect the risk of breast cancer and platelet function. Whether platelets are activated in situ in breast cancer or in normal breast tissue at high risk of breast cancer and the association to estradiol remains elusive.

To investigate whether platelets are activated in situ in breast cancers and in dense breast tissue of postmenopausal women and explore correlations between estradiol, released platelet factors, and inflammatory proteins.

Sampling of in vivo proteins was performed using microdialysis in a total of 71 women 10 with breast cancer, 42 healthy postmenopausal women with different breast densities, and 19 premenopausal women.

Our data demonstrate increased levels of coagulation factors in dense breast tissue similar to that found in breast cancers, indicating excessive platelet activation. Premenopausal breasts exhibited similar levels of coagulation factors as postmenopausal dense breasts. Gefitinib Out of 13 coagulations factors that were upregulated in dense breasts, 5 exhibited significant correlations with estradiol, both locally in the breast and systemically. In breast tissue, positive correlations between coagulation factors and key inflammatory proteins and matrix metalloproteinases were detected.

Breast density, not estradiol, is the major determinant of local platelet activation. Inactivation of platelets may be a therapeutic strategy for cancer prevention in postmenopausal women with dense breasts.
Breast density, not estradiol, is the major determinant of local platelet activation. Inactivation of platelets may be a therapeutic strategy for cancer prevention in postmenopausal women with dense breasts.
Recently, cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 have been reported worldwide. Negative RT-PCR testing associated with positive serology in most cases suggests a post-infectious syndrome. Because the pathophysiology of this syndrome is still poorly understood, extensive virological and immunological investigations are needed.

We report a series of four pediatric patients admitted to Geneva University Hospitals with persistent fever and laboratory evidence of inflammation meeting published definition of MIS-C related to COVID-19, to whom an extensive virological and immunological workup was performed.

RT-PCRs on multiple anatomical compartments were negative whereas anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG were strongly positive by ELISA and immunofluorescence. Both pseudo- and full virus neutralization assays showed the presence of neutralizing antibodies in all children, confirming a recent infection with SARS-CoV-2. Analyses of cytokine profiles revealed an elevatio(sIL-2R) occurring despite a strong and specific humoral response to SARS-CoV2. Further functional and genetic analyses are essential to better understand the mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions.
Many patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA) have normal adrenal imaging, but little is known about their outcome following adrenalectomy.

To evaluate biochemical and clinical outcomes after adrenalectomy in patients with unilateral PA and normal-appearing adrenal imaging.

Retrospective cohort study of patients seen between January 2006 and May 2018.

A Canadian tertiary care PA referral center.

Consecutive individuals with PA, normal cross-sectional adrenal imaging, and lateralizing adrenal vein sampling (AVS) who underwent adrenalectomy during the study period.

Biochemical response to adrenalectomy graded according to the Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome criteria.

A total of 40 patients were included. Biochemical outcomes were available for 33 people (mean age, 54.7 years; 91% male; median follow-up, 2.7 months), with 28 (85%) showing a complete or partial response and 5 (15%) with no response. Clinical outcomes were available for 36 people (mean age, 54.6 years; 86% male; median follow-up, 9.8 months), with 31 (86%) demonstrating a complete or partial response and 5 (14%) with no response.

The prognosis after adrenalectomy is highly favorable for patients with unilateral PA and normal-appearing adrenal imaging. Patients with lateralizing disease should be considered for surgery despite apparently normal adrenal imaging.
The prognosis after adrenalectomy is highly favorable for patients with unilateral PA and normal-appearing adrenal imaging. Patients with lateralizing disease should be considered for surgery despite apparently normal adrenal imaging.The primary cell walls of plants provide mechanical strength while maintaining the flexibility needed for cell extension growth. Cell extension involves loosening the bonds between cellulose microfibrils, hemicelluloses and pectins. Pectins have been implicated in this process, but it remains unclear if this depends on the abundance of certain pectins, their modifications, and/or structure. Here, cell wall-related mutants of the model plant Arabidopsis were characterized by biochemical and immunohistochemical methods and Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy. Mutants with reduced pectin or hemicellulose content showed no root cell elongation in response to simulated drought stress, in contrast to wild-type plants or mutants with reduced cellulose content. While no association was found between the degrees of pectin methylesterification and cell elongation, cell wall composition analysis suggested an important role of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan II (RGII), which was corroborated in experiments with the RGII-modifying chemical 2β-deoxy-Kdo. The results were complemented by expression analysis of cell wall synthesis genes and microscopic analysis of cell wall porosity. It is concluded that a certain amount of pectin is necessary for stress-induced root cell elongation, and hypotheses regarding the mechanistic basis of this result are formulated.
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