Notes

Purchase of bioluminescent trait by non-luminous creatures coming from luminous microorganisms by way of numerous roots.
In addition, taking 0.5 as the benchmark for forecast probabilities, the logit model reconstructed all the high inflation episodes experienced in ECOWAS in spite of the outlying observations of Liberia and Guinea. The study therefore concludes that other things given, the more corrupt ECOWAS members are, the higher the likelihood to experience high inflation.Information diffusion on social media has become a major approach in people's daily communication, and the value contained therein holds great interest for both academic and industrial communities. However, the process of information diffusion is affected by many factors, and the complexity of that process has not been fully explored. Most previous studies have concentrated on the strategies and driving forces in social media operations, as well as the identification of influential seed nodes, yet analyses of consumer behavior choice in the process of information diffusion are rare. Thus, This study proposes a multipoint cross-diffusion model based on MapReduce, which improves the single-point model and can better describe the product information diffusion process. On that basis, a Bayesian network model of product information diffusion was constructed to analyze the associations between factors and consumer behaviors. Moreover, the posterior probability of consumer behavior choice affected by a series of factors in the information forwarding process was considered and analyzed. This study's findings can be used to estimate the posterior probability that users will purchase, forward, or stay silent, thereby predicting the effect of product diffusion and obtaining the quantitative relationships between factors and consumer behavior.Countries around the world are announcing stimulus packages in response to the COVID 19 pandemic. This research attempts to measure the extent and progress of stimulus packages by proposing a multidimensional index that standardizes governments' economic responses and allows us to examine the differences in economic policies from country to country. We apply the Euclidean distance formula to develop the new index and then identify the determinants of the economic stimulation of COVID-19 through beta-regression. The results show that Chile, Switzerland, Croatia, Sweden and the Netherlands responded more strongly to the COVID-19 pandemic, while the remaining countries responded slightly to the pandemic. Empirical results also indicate that most countries increased COVID-19 economic support, although not significantly. Finally, the results of the beta regression show that the median age of the population, the number of hospitals, beds per capita, the number of total COVID-19 cases, GDP, health care expenditure and the index of the severity of the government's response is significantly related to the level of the countries' stimulus packages.The present study focused on evaluating the effects of oral administration of three different concentrations of Yasmin® combined contraceptive pills (estrogen and progesterone) on reproductive hormones levels, histology of the ovotestis and rate of oviposition of E. vermiculata for two months using baits technique. The levels of anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Estradiol (E2), Progesterone(PRG), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and Testesterone (T) of treated snails were decreased with increasing the drug concentrations by percentages of -83.3%, -78.9%, - 59.6%,- 98.3 %, - 79.6 %, - 86.7% and 8.2%, respectively. Prolactin (PRL) level was significantly increased (86.9%) compared to control snails after 8 weeks of exposure. Zilurgisertib fumarate ALK inhibitor Histological investigations on the hermaphrodite glands of snails treated with 909 μg/gm. showed glandular hyperplasia, sloughing of germinal epithelium, acini sizes reduction, suppression of follicular growths, decreased luteinization and vasodilation. Male acini revealed histolytic of spermatogonia and mature sperms. The lowest concentration (303 μg/gm.) caused gradual decrease of the total egg counts that reach 50% at the 8th week of treatment. Higher doses (606 and 909 μg/gm.) resulted in dramatic dwindling of egg numbers and inspiring complete egg cessation at the 7th and 3rd weeks of treatments, respectively. The applications of combined contraceptive drugs as baits give promising results for controlling high population densities of E. vermiculata snails at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.Potassium (K) has been considered as a non-deficient nutrient in most Ethiopian soils. However, some studies recommended K application to K sufficient soils if K/Mg ratio is 351 mg kg-1). The K/Mg values ranged from 0.60 to 0.80 in Mollic Nitisols (aric, humic), 0.70 to 0.88 in Pellic Vertisols (aric, gilgaic, mazic) and 0.71 to 1.04 in Vertic Luvisols (aric, nitic), and the values increased with an increasing K rates. However, wheat, tef and maize grain yields showed an increasing trend up to K/Mg ratio of 0.71 in Mollic Nitisols (aric, humic), 0.78 in Pellic Vertisols (aric, gilgaic, mazic) and 0.88 in Vertic Luvisols (aric, nitic), respectively, and declined above these values.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05185.].Overweight and obesity not only are major risk factors for number of chronic diseases, but also a risk factor for pregnancy complications in women. The present study aims to investigate the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and the persistence and duration of BF. The electronic databases including Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for papers with titles and/or abstracts including one of our keywords and published up to 15 April 2019. For dose-response relationship, the two-stage random-effects meta-analysis was performed using the "dosresmeta" function in R software. Thirty-two studies with the effect of pre-pregnancy BMI on BF initiation, intention and duration were included in the present study. Based on crude and adjusted OR models, the risk of BF cessation increased by 4% (OR = 1.04; 95% CI 1.02-1.05) with an increase in a unit of BMI. In addition, based on crude and adjusted RR models, the risk of BF cessation increases by 2% and 1% (crude RR = 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03 and adjusted RR = 1.01; 95% CI 0.99-1.02) with an increase in one unit of BMI. Based on the result, the health care professionals and other key stakeholders should be aware of the impact excess weight, and that women who are overweight or obese should be encouraged with continued access to guidance, counseling and support, starting from conception, to maximize BF outcomes.The use of Deep Neural Networks for remote sensing scene image analysis is growing fast. link2 Despite this, data sets on developing countries are conspicuously absent in the public domain for benchmarking machine learning algorithms, rendering existing data sets unrepresentative. Secondly, current literature uses low-level semantic scene image class definitions, which may not have many relevant applications in certain domains. To examine these problems, we applied Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to high-level scene image classification for identifying patterns in urban housing density in a developing country setting. link3 An end-to-end model training workflow is proposed for this purpose. A method for quantifying spatial extent of urban housing classes which gives insight into settlement patterns is also proposed. The method consists of computing the ratio between area covered by a given housing class and total area occupied by all classes. In the current work this method is implemented based on grid count, whereby the number of predicted grids for one housing class is divided by the total grid count for all classes. Results from the proposed method were validated against building density data computed on OpenStreetMap data. Our results for scene image classification are comparable to current state-of-the-art, despite focusing only on most difficult classes in those works. We also contribute a new satellite scene image data set that captures some general characteristics of urban housing in developing countries. The data set has similar but also some distinct attributes to existing data sets.The paper aims to study gender differences in self-representation and involvement in political communication in social networks. The author presents the results of the study of Facebook postings within a viral flashmob 'The Island of the '90's' devoted to a controversial period of Russia's modern history. The author offers the rationale for their attribution to an online segment of political communication. A multidisciplinary approach involving the combination of methodologies of discourse analysis and content analysis served as guidelines for the study. A discourse analysis based on the sociocognitive approach to political discourse helps identify three stages of the flashmob evolution in the three series of postings private memories, political discussions of the 1990s, and attitudes towards the flashmob. These three series of postings form and organise a three-level structure of the flashmob. Each level is characterised by a different extent of its involvement in the political context. Comparative analysis of male and female participation in the flashmob reveals gender asymmetry in the flashmob discourse structure and at its structural levels. The results show that there are gender differences in political involvement of females and males in online discourse women prefer less visible or less offensive patterns of political behaviour online. The results lead to the conclusion that, compared to men, women are more flexible in their self-representation and their participation in the discourse has less political involvement. No significant evidence indicating gender differences' disappearance was observed, and no evidence of gender role stereotypes weakening or disappearance in political communication on Facebook was obtained.Across the African continent especially in Nigeria, solid waste disposal has created significant environmental and health issues. Studies on household decision-making on waste disposal choices are insignificant. This study uses the most recent 2018/2019 General Household Survey (GHS) - a national representative sample of 5000 households collected by the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and World Bank - to offer greater insight on the socio-economic drivers of household's decision-making on the choice of alternative refuse disposal systems and how these choices vary across male-headed households (MHHs) and female-headed households (FHHs) in Nigeria. Adopting the Multinomial Logit and Exogenous Switching Treatment Effects Regression (ESTER) models, estimates show that education, family sizes, non-home ownerships, water availability, toilet locations, electricity connections within buildings, geopolitical zones, and urban areas are some determinants of household waste disposal choices which also varies by household types. However, quite a significant number of FHHs are observed to utilize informal refuse disposal systems than the MHHs representing a gender gap in the informal waste usage of 9%. In the counterfactual scenario FHHs average probability of adopting compound (informal) refuse disposal choices, would have increased by 4.2% (decreased by 5.4%) if they had the same socio-economic characteristics as MHHs. These results present some interesting factors related to the heterogeneity of alternative refuse disposal choices the heterogeneous effects of gender on such decisions. The study thus offers some policy inputs on how to ensure a clean and safe environment through proper disposal options.
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