Notes

Area bundles over materials: brand new inequalities in between unique, simplicial quantity as well as Euler characteristic.
Noninvasive identification of amyloid-β (Aβ) is important for better clinical management of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients.

To investigate whether radiomics features in the hippocampus in MCI improve the prediction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42 status when integrated with clinical profiles.

A total of 407 MCI subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were allocated to training (n = 324) and test (n = 83) sets. Radiomics features (n = 214) from the bilateral hippocampus were extracted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A cut-off of <192 pg/mL was applied to define CSF Aβ42 status. After feature selection, random forest with subsampling methods were utilized to develop three models with which to predict CSF Aβ42 1) a radiomics model; 2) a clinical model based on clinical profiles; and 3) a combined model based on radiomics and clinical profiles. The prediction performances thereof were validated in the test set. A prediction model using hippocampus volume was also developed and validated.

The best-performing radiomics model showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.674 in the test set. The best-performing clinical model showed an AUC of 0.758 in the test set. The best-performing combined model showed an AUC of 0.823 in the test set. The hippocampal volume model showed a lower performance, with an AUC of 0.543 in the test set.

Radiomics models from MRI can help predict CSF Aβ42 status in MCI patients and potentially triage the patients for invasive and costly Aβ tests.
Radiomics models from MRI can help predict CSF Aβ42 status in MCI patients and potentially triage the patients for invasive and costly Aβ tests.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease, implying that multi-target treatments may be necessary to effectively cure AD. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an enzymatic cofactor required for the synthesis of monoamines and nitric oxide that also exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite its crucial role in the CNS, the potential of BH4 as a treatment in AD has never been scrutinized.

Here, we investigated whether BH4 peripheral administration improves cognitive symptoms and AD neuropathology in the triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD), a model of age-related tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) neuropathologies associated with behavior impairment.

Non-transgenic (NonTg) and 3xTg-AD mice were subjected to a control diet (5% fat - CD) or to a high-fat diet (35% fat - HFD) from 6 to 13 months to exacerbate metabolic disorders. Then, mice received either BH4 (15 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or vehicle for ten consecutive days.

This sub-chronic administration of BH4 rescued memory impairment in 13-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, as determined using the novel object recognition test. Moreover, the HFD-induced glucose intolerance was completely reversed by the BH4 treatment in 3xTg-AD mice. However, the HFD or BH4 treatment had no significant impact on Aβ and tau neuropathologies.

Overall, our data suggest a potential benefit from BH4 administration against AD cognitive and metabolic deficits accentuated by HFD consumption in 3xTg-AD mice, without altering classical neuropathology. Therefore, BH4 should be considered as a candidate for drug repurposing, at least in subtypes of cognitively impaired patients experiencing metabolic disorders.
Overall, our data suggest a potential benefit from BH4 administration against AD cognitive and metabolic deficits accentuated by HFD consumption in 3xTg-AD mice, without altering classical neuropathology. Therefore, BH4 should be considered as a candidate for drug repurposing, at least in subtypes of cognitively impaired patients experiencing metabolic disorders.
Amyloid-β accumulation was found to alter precuneus-based functional connectivity (FC) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, but its impact is less clear in subjective cognitive decline (SCD), which in combination with AD pathologic change is theorized to correspond to stage 2 of the Alzheimer's continuum in the 2018 NIA-AA research framework.

This study addresses how amyloid pathology relates to resting-state fMRI FC in SCD, especially focusing on the precuneus.

From the DELCODE cohort, two groups of 24 age- and gender-matched amyloid-positive (SCDAβ+) and amyloidnegative SCD (SCDβ-) patients were selected according to visual [18F]-Florbetaben (FBB) PET readings, and studied with resting-state fMRI. Local (regional homogeneity [ReHo], fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations [fALFF]) and global (degree centrality [DC], precuneus seed-based FC) measures were compared between groups. Follow-up correlation analyses probed relationships of group differences witated to amyloid-β load, highlighting incipient pathology in stage 2 of the AD continuum.
The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical features associated with benign histopathology of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) category 4 and 5 lesions.

Between March 2015 and November 2020, 1161 patients underwent mpMRI/Ultrasound-fusion-guided prostate biopsy (FBx) and concurrent 12-core systematic prostate biopsy (SBx) at the Department of Urology of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany. 848/ 1161 (73%) patients presented with either PI-RADS 4 or 5 index lesion and were retrospectively evaluated. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate clinical parameters associated with a negative outcome of PI-RADS 4 or 5 category lesions after FBx. Area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) was conducted using ROC-analysis.

676/848 (79.7%) patients with either PI-RADS 4 or 5 index lesion were diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) by FBx and 172/848 (20.3%) patients had a negative biopsy (including the concurrent systematic prostate biopsy), resse features into daily clinical routine could be used for risk-stratification of these patients after negative biopsy of PI-RADS 4 or 5 index lesions.
Lesions with high or highly likelihood of PCa on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) but subsequent negative prostate biopsy occur in a small amount of patients. Localization of the lesion in the transitional zone, prostate volume and prebiopsy were shown to be predictors for benign histopathology of category 4 or 5 lesions on mpMRI. Integration of these features into daily clinical routine could be used for risk-stratification of these patients after negative biopsy of PI-RADS 4 or 5 index lesions.
To investigate the diagnostic value of core-needle biopsy (CNB) guided by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTL).

178 patients with pathological confirmation of CTL were retrospectively enrolled. All of them had undergone CNB prior to the final surgery. According to the different ways of puncture guidance, they were divided into two groups conventional ultrasound (US) group (n = 81) and CEUS group (n = 97). The comparison of diagnostic efficacy between two groups was compared and analyzed.

Among the 178 patients, 146 were directly diagnosed as CTL by CNB, including 59 patients in CEUS group and 87 patients in US group. The diagnostic accuracy were 89.7% (87/97) and 72.8% (59/81), respectively (P <  0.01). For subgroup analyses, differences among diagnostic efficacy ascribed to the different guiding methods were significant in medium size group (>2.0 cm and ≤3.0 cm) and large size group (>3.0 cm), 91.7% for CEUS group vs. 69.0% for US group (P <  0.05) and 84.4% for CEUS group vs. 57.7% for US group (P <  0.05), respectively.

In the diagnosis of CTL, compared with the US-guided CNB, CEUS-guided CNB have certain advantages, especially for larger lymph nodes.
In the diagnosis of CTL, compared with the US-guided CNB, CEUS-guided CNB have certain advantages, especially for larger lymph nodes.Nanoporous microparticles prepared from poly(ether imide) (PEI) are discussed as candidate adsorber materials for the removal of uremic toxins during apheresis. Polymers exhibiting such porosity can induce the formation of micro-gas/air pockets when exposed to fluids. Such air presenting material surfaces are reported to induce platelet activation and thrombus formation. Physical or chemical treatments prior to implantation are discussed to reduce the formation of such gas nuclei. Here, we report about the influence of different rewetting procedures - as chemical treatments with solvents - on the thrombogenicity of hydrophobic PEI microparticles and PEI microparticles hydrophilized by covalent attachment of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) of two different chain lengths.Autoclaved dry PEI particles of all types with a diameter range of 200 - 250 μm and a porosity of about 84% ±2% were either rewetted directly with phosphate buffered saline (24 h) or after immersion in an ethanol-series. Thrombogenicity of the pamight be more important to regulate platelet activation. PFA100 closure times were reduced and within the reference ranges in the ethanol group, however, significantly increased in the saline group. No substantial difference was detected between the tested surface modifications. In summary, rewetting with ethanol resulted in a reduced thrombogenicity of all studied microparticles regardless of their wettability, most likely resulting from the evacuation of air from the nanoporous particles.Immunocompatibility and non-thrombogenicity are important requirements for biomedical applications such as vascular grafts. Here, gelatin-based hydrogels formed by reaction of porcine gelatin with increasing amounts of lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester were investigated in vitro in this regard. In addition, potential adverse effects of the hydrogels were determined using the "Hen's egg test on chorioallantoic membrane" (HET-CAM) test and a mouse model.The study revealed that the hydrogels were immunocompatible, since complement activation was absent and a substantial induction of reactive oxygen species generating monocytes and neutrophils could not be observed in whole human blood. The density as well as the activation state of adherent thrombocytes was comparable to medical grade polydimethylsiloxane, which was used as reference material. The HET-CAM test confirmed the compatibility of the hydrogels with vessel functionality since no bleedings, thrombotic events, or vessel destructions were observed. Only for the samples synthesized with the highest LDI amount the number of growing blood vessels in the CAM was comparable to controls and significantly higher than for the softer materials. Implantation into mice showed the absence of adverse or toxic effects in spleen, liver, or kidney, and only a mild lymphocytic activation in the form of a follicular hyperplasia in draining lymph nodes (slightly increased after the implantation of the material prepared with the lowest LDI content). These results imply that candidate materials prepared with mid to high amounts of LDI are suitable for the coating of the blood contacting surface of cardiovascular implants.
The aim of this study was to assess the success of irreversible electroporation (IRE) in prostate cancer and to differentiate between reactive changes and tumor.

This is a retrospective pilot study of 50 patients after irreversible electroporation (IRE) in prostate cancer between 50-79 years (mean age 65 years). Each patient received a transabdominal sonography using a 1-6 MHz convex matrix probe. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was performed after i.v. bolus injection of 2.0 ml sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles. DICOM loops were continuously stored up to one minute. Parametric images were calculated by integrated perfusion analysis software. A comparison was drawn to a follow-up MRI six months after ablation.

While 13 patients showed local recurrence, 37 patients were successfully treated, meaning no local recurrence within six months after ablation. 18 patients showed signs of prostatitis after IRE. BAY 87-2243 Tumorous changes were visually characterized by dynamic early nodular hypervascularization with fast and high wash-in.
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