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Given existing empirical support for the tripartite influence and social comparison models to explain variance in body dissatisfaction and disordered eating across diverse populations in the Western context, research is needed to describe these models in non-Western populations. The present study tested an integrated model inclusive of appearance pressures, thinness and muscularity internalizations, and social comparisons in relation to drive for muscularity and thinness-oriented disordered eating in heterosexual Chinese adult men (n = 510) and women (n = 473). Separated by gender, two integrated models had good fit statistics per structural equation modeling. In men and women, higher appearance pressures were uniquely related to higher drive for muscularity and thinness-oriented disordered eating. In men and women, higher thinness and muscularity internalizations were uniquely related to higher thinness-oriented disordered eating and drive for muscularity, respectively. In men and women, higher upward body image comparisons were uniquely related to higher drive for muscularity, and in men only, higher downward body image comparisons were uniquely related to higher thinness-oriented disordered eating. The present findings, which extend theories of eating pathology, may aid in improving treatment efforts for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in heterosexual Chinese adult men and women.Sexual functioning research has been slow to address sizeism within its volumes. Much of the sexual health science has adopted a weight normative model rather than a weight inclusive model. The purpose of this study was to, through systematic literature review, describe the sexual functioning research landscape with respect to weight inclusivity. The review included three databases (Google Scholar, Medline and Ebsco) between 2010 and 2020. Each article was double coded for weight inclusivity and sexual functioning. Sixty-seven articles met the criteria and were included in analysis. The articles, overall, only endorsed weight inclusive tenets 16 % of the time. Articles were most weight inclusive when discussing sexual satisfaction (22.5 %). Meanwhile, when discussing sexual arousal, the articles were the least weight inclusive (16.7 %). These findings suggest there is needs to be greater education and intention for sex educators, therapists, and clinicians, to explore and enhance body positivity and sexual health.Body image concerns are a commonly cited reason for sport drop out. Researchers have begun to explore the influence of coaches on athletes' body image. Oxiglutatione However, no measure exists to accurately and easily assess interventions or predict coaches' body image supportive behaviors. Using Self-Efficacy Theory as a conceptual framework, the Coach Self-Efficacy Body Image Scale (CSEBIS) was developed. Content validity was judged by a panel of experts (N = 3) and through interviews with coaches (N = 4) across various sports and experience levels. Following initial item iteration, the CSEBIS was assessed with 682 coaches for reliability and validity. The 27 items across four subscales (knowledge, recognition, engagement, disengagement) showed good reliability (internal consistency, test-retest reliability, inter-item and item-total correlations), validity (convergent and discriminant validity, differentiation between known groups), factor structure, and model invariance across gender. Developing and initially validating the CSEBIS contributes to the existing literature by providing researchers with a novel scale to measure coaches' confidence in identifying and addressing body image concerns among their athletes. Following further testing, this instrument may be used to assess the effectiveness of body image education and intervention efforts in sport, and the impact of coaches' attitudes and behaviors on athletes' body image.Female athletes and non-athletes alike are affected by a variety of cultural factors and social comparisons that influence how they evaluate their own bodies. For female athletes, the self-evaluative process is distinctly complicated during and after their retirement transition. Grounded in social comparison theory, this study uses a phenomenological approach with semi-structured interviews. The sample consists of 20 post career NCAA female athletes. Questions focused on obtaining a more holistic understanding of their lived experiences, influences on their perceptions of body image, and how they cope and adapt in the post-retirement phase. Data were coded iteratively using thematic analysis. Findings reveal distinct challenges to this population of women from a variety of factors at the individual level (i.e., insecurities, learning through lived experience, performance empowerment, pregnancy and childbirth), institutional/community level (i.e., network outside of athletics, role of coaches, external validation), and socio-cultural level (i.e., marketed body ideals, evolution of marketing, social pressures). The data inform theoretical and practical implications to help proactively assist athletes in healthy transitions, especially in adult life stages. We argue those in positions of power have not only the potential, but also a moral obligation to cultivate supportive structures for athletes during and after their careers.
Adolescent romantic relationships are developmentally significant, but relatively brief and often disrupted by changes in context. Large individual differences and age-related change make sampling complex. Most adolescents have multiple romantic relationships. Which should we sample? To better understand the issues involved, this study used a simulation - an agent-based computational model - to generate model worlds, each following the relationships formed and dissolved over 5 years. Cross-sectional sample estimates of the number, duration, and type of relationships were compared to population parameters of all relationships formed within the 5 years. Computational models can provide useful insight into sampling bias because (1) the processes producing the results are explicit, (2) results can be replicated to reduce sample idiosyncrasies, and (3) sample statistics can be compared to known population parameters.

1000 iterations were run of an agent-based model following 1000 individuals interacting for 60 and systematically distort our understanding of adolescent romantic relationships by oversampling longer-term relationships. Results also illustrate how computational models can provide insight into complex phenomena.We aimed to assess the associations of peripheral neuropathy (PN) with vision and hearing impairment among adults aged ≥40 years who attended the lower-extremity disease exam for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (United States, 1999-2004). Overall, 11.8% (standard error (SE), 0.5) of adults had diabetes, 13.2% (SE, 0.5) had PN (26.6% (SE, 1.4) with diabetes, 11.4% (SE, 0.5) without diabetes), 1.6% (SE, 0.1) had vision impairment, and 15.4% (SE, 1.1) had hearing impairment. The prevalence of vision impairment was 3.89% (95% CI 2.99, 5.05) among adults with PN and 1.29% (95% CI 1.04, 1.60) among adults without PN (P less then 0.001). After adjustment, PN was associated with vision impairment overall (odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 2.13) and among adults without diabetes (OR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.17, 2.77) but not among adults with diabetes (P for interaction = 0.018). The prevalence of hearing impairment was 26.5% (95% CI 20.4, 33.7) among adults with PN and 14.2% (95% CI 12.4, 16.3) among adults without PN (P less then 0.001). The association of PN with moderate/severe hearing impairment was significant overall (OR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.40, 4.64) and among adults without diabetes (OR = 3.26, 95% CI 1.80, 5.91). Overall, these findings suggest an association between peripheral and audiovisual sensory impairment that is unrelated to diabetes.Water pollution is becoming increasingly serious and seriously endangering human health, especially the direct emissions of phenolic compounds. An integrated sample pre-treatment and derivatization method based on a biopolymers/TEOS-based carbon nanofibers microextraction that allows rapid extraction (5 min), followed by separation and highly sensitive detection of phenolic compounds by gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, is described. The developed methodology, coupled with GC-MS, allowed low detection limits (0.03-0.32 ng mL‒1), good linearities (0.5-200 ng mL‒1) and recoveries (73.58-85.76%) to be achieved in a few steps and short time. Based on the high adsorption properties of materials, the on-line removal device of phenolic compounds in water was designed. The elimination rate of phenolic compounds in water was higher than 73.58% at 1 mL min‒1 and three cycles. The elimination strategy for the phenolic compounds is very versatile and is easy to apply.In recent years, bile acids (BAs), the important component of bile, were found closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases, therefore, determination of BAs in bile samples is of great significance. However, biological matrix complexity and low concentrations of BAs were still challenging for BA detection in small amount of bile samples. In this work, a core-shell NH2-MIL101@mSiO2 was designed to improve the capture ability of BAs in biological samples, as well as possess good biocompatibility. Subsequently, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) probe of the NH2-MIL101@mSiO2 was coupled with HPLC-MS/MS to establish the analysis method for detecting eight BAs in bile samples. The established method received extraction efficiencies of (30-2143)-fold higher than those of the commercial probes and low limit of detection (LOD ≤ 0.21 ng mL-1). The miniaturization of SPME sampling devices, as well as the low LOD of this work, endowed this method advantage of low consumption of bile samples (30 μL). Based on the proposed method, eight BAs in bile samples of pancreatic cancer patients and cholelithiasis patients were detected successfully. A distinct difference was found in the concentrations of four targeted BAs in bile samples from pancreatic cancer patients and cholelithiasis patients. This work provided a method for quantification of eight BAs in small volume human bile samples, and it could open up a perspective regarding the relationship between BA metabolism and the occurrence of diseases.Graphene and graphene-derived substances are cutting-edge materials receiving increasing attention in the analytical chemistry field. Graphene oxide sheets bonded to amino silica particles functionalized with octadecyl (C18) groups and endcapped, also known as SiGO-C18ec, have been successfully employed as extraction phases and in analytical columns associated with conventional liquid chromatography (LC). In this work, SiGO-C18ec particles of 3, 5, and 10 µm nominal id were employed to pack capillary LC columns (100 mm long x 0.3 mm id), and their performance in the gradient mode was evaluated and compared. A 3 µm C18 capillary LC column (50 x 0.3 mm) was used as a reference column. Eight analytes having different polarities and topological surface areas were selected as a probe in this study carbofuran clomazone, hexazinone, carbamazepine, citalopram, clomipramine, desipramine, and ochratoxin A. Studies about orthogonality were performed to investigate the orthogonality between the SiGO-C18ec and C18 phases.
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