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Super-Resolution Microscopy: Getting rid of Fresh Light about Inside Vivo Image.
8%), increasing development of professional skills (71.4% staff) and confidence (55% clinicians) detecting developmental delays. Thematic analysis of the focus group transcript revealed underlying barriers arising from the practice environment, staff capabilities and motivation. CONCLUSIONS In a whole of practice Quality-Improvement intervention that applied PEDS training and implementation, including the receptionist in the medical team more than doubled documented rates of child developmental surveillance during vaccination visits. Solutions to underlying barriers could be incorporated into a revised training module. Future studies need to test the tool in more methodologically robust studies that include analysis of the outcomes of developmental surveillance. © 2020 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (The Royal Australasian College of Physicians).We report herein a synthesis of aza-BODIPY substituted with strongly electron-donating p -(diphenylamino)phenyl substituents ( p -Ph 2 N-) at 3,5-positions. The presence of p -Ph 2 N- groups lowered the energy of the singlet excited state ( E s ) to 1.48 eV and induced NIR absorption with λ abs at 789 nm in THF. The compound studied was weakly emissive with the emission band ( λ f ) at 837 nm and with the singlet lifetime ( τ S ) equal 100 ps. Nanosecond laser photolysis experiments of aza-BODIPY in question revealed T 1 →T n absorption spanning from ca. 350 nm to ca. 550 nm with the triplet lifetime ( τ T ) equal 21 μs. By introducing a heavy atom (Br) into the structure of the aza-BODIPY we managed to turn it into a NIR operating photosensitizer. The photosensitized oxygenation of the model compound - diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) - proceeded via Type I and/or Type III mechanism without formation of singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ). As estimated by CV/DPV measurements, the p -Ph 2 N- substituted aza-BODIPYs studied exhibited oxidation processes at a relatively low oxidation potentials ( E ox 1 ), pointing to the very good electron-donating properties of these molecules. Extremely high photostability and thermal robustness up to approximately 300°C were observed for the p -Ph 2 N- substituted aza-BODIPYs. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND Resting energy expenditure (REE) estimates are often needed in young people and can be predicted using prediction equations based on body weight. However, these equations may perform poorly in those who are obese and overweight. The aim of this systematic review was to identify equations based on simple anthropometric and demographic variables that provide the most accurate and precise estimates of REE in healthy obese and overweight young people. METHODS Systematic searches for relevant studies in healthy obese and overweight young people aged ≤18 years were undertaken using PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl, OpenGrey and Cochrane Library (completed January 2018). Search terms included metabolism, calorimetry, obesity and prediction equation. Data extraction, study appraisal and synthesis followed PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS From 390 screened titles, 13 studies met inclusion criteria. The most accurate REE predictions (least biased) were provided by Schofield equations [+0.8% (3-18 years); 0% (11-18 years); +1.1% (3-10 years)]. The most precise REE estimations (percentage of predictions ± 10% of measured) for 11-18 years were provided by Mifflin equations (62%) and, for 7-18 years, by the equations of Schmelzle (57%), Henry (56%) and Harris Benedict (54%). Precision of Schofield predictions was 43% in both age groups. No accuracy data were available for those less then 3 years or for precision for those less then 7 years. CONCLUSIONS No single equation provided accurate and precise REE estimations in this population. Schofield equations provided the most accurate REE predictions so are useful for groups. Mifflin equations provided the most precise estimates for individuals aged 11-18 years but tended to underestimate REE. © 2020 The British Dietetic Association.OBJECTIVES We investigated sex-based differences in eligibility for and outcomes after receipt of advanced heart failure (HF) therapies. BACKGROUND Although women are more likely to die from HF than men, registry data suggest that women are less likely to receive heart transplant (HT) or left ventricular assist device (LVAD) for largely unknown reasons. METHODS We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients evaluated for advanced HF therapies from 2012 to 2016. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of sex with eligibility for HT/LVAD. Competing risks and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to examine survival. RESULTS Of 569 patients (31% women) evaluated, 223 (39.2%) were listed for HT and 81 (14.2%) received destination (DT) LVAD. Women were less likely to be listed for HT (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21-0.61; P less then .0001), based on allosensitization (P less then .0001) and obesity (P = .02). Women were more likely to receive DT LVAD (adjusted OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.23-4.29; P = .01). Survival was similar between men and women regardless of whether they received HT and DT LVAD or were ineligible for therapy. CONCLUSION Women are less likely to be HT candidates, but more likely to receive DT LVAD. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Although traffic light labelling (TLL) is designed to aid the selection of healthier choices, consumers often have to make trade-offs between (un)desirable attributes. With the current emphasis of public health on sugar reduction, the present study aimed to investigate the relative influence of sugar on the perceived healthiness of products. METHODS A choice-based conjoint analysis (CBC) survey was designed to assess the relative importance of the macronutrients commonly used in TLL, as well as the rescaled utilities of three attribute levels (red, amber and green), which involved 858 participants aged ≥18 years, who were recruited from the general population of Nottingham. An additional cross-sectional online survey was completed by another 901 participants to assess public knowledge about the intake recommendations underpinning the TLL. RESULTS Usable data for CBC analysis showed that, when deciding upon the healthiness of items, sugar was significantly the most important macronutrient (mean 0.34, 95% confidence interval = 0.32-0.35) among the 641 participants. Red labelling was significantly more influential than green across macronutrients. In the substudy, 13.3% of participants correctly identify the maximum recommended intake of free sugars. Moreover, 42.8% of the total sample could not identify whether the sugar information on TLL refers to the total or free sugar content. CONCLUSIONS Despite a lack of knowledge about the recommendations underpinning the TLL criteria, decisions made by participants concerning the healthfulness of food products were significantly influenced by sugar content. TLL appears to guide consumer beliefs in the absence of deep knowledge. The dominance of sugar in decision making is unsurprising in the current public health climate. © 2020 The British Dietetic Association Ltd.It has been established that an unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl rhodium(III) (CpRh III ) complex is a highly active catalyst for the aerobic oxidative ortho C-H bond olefination of sterically demanding ortho -substituted benzamides with alkenes. This catalysis was successfully applied to the diastereoselective synthesis of axially chiral N , N- dialkylbenzamides. The combination of the ruthenium(II)-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation and the CpRh III -catalyzed diastereoselective ortho C-H bond olefination enabled the asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral N , N- dialkylbenzamide derivatives with high ee values. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 3-TYP in vivo KGaA, Weinheim.The life cycle of the holometabolous insect Bombyx mori (Linnaeus) consists of the embryo, larva, pupa, and adult stages with six larval molts. Ecdysone and juvenile hormones play important roles in the growth and development of the silkworms. The a42 silkworm mutant is recessive and homozygous lethal by exhibiting a dark-colored and small body size and fails to molt to second instar. We compared the gene expression of a42 mutants with normal individuals at the first larval molting stage to elucidate the physiological influence of the a42 mutation on the growth and development of silkworms. The transcriptomic sequencing results revealed that 1,411 genes are differentially expressed in a42 mutants, compared with wild-type control silkworms, in which 791 genes are upregulated and 620 genes are downregulated. Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) assigned to biological pathways, such as pentose and glucoronate interconversions, glycerolipid metabolism, folate biosynthesis, amino sugar, and nucleotide sugar metabolism. Two hydroxylases of phenylalanine hydroxylase (BmPAH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (BmTh) are upregulated in a42 mutants. The influence of a42 mutation on these DEGs reveals that melanin metabolism plays an important role during the molting process in silkworms. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.We studied the induced aggregation of the xanthene dye rhodamine-B (RhB) on metal-oxide centres belonging to the highly symmetric surfaces of precise nanoscale templates with Keplerate (Mo132) or toroidal (Mo138) structures. With the joint use of the Langmuir isotherm and full Stern-Volmer models, the thermodynamic reasons for dye adsorption on the nanocluster surface, such as a mixture of monomer, H-aggregate (H-dimer) and J-aggregate forms (which can coexist or switch one into another under the exact conditions), were established this was shown via UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Using the framework of the exciton model, we showed that angle (α) between the transition dipole moments of RhB is very sensitive to surface strain inside the dye sub-monolayer. As a result, we were able to switch from H-- to J-aggregates via the post-functionalization of POM-RhB associates by the surfactant bilayer shell, which allows the surface strain to grow. We provide recommendations for managing the appearance of H- or J-aggregates on metal-oxide (or polyelectrolyte) surfaces during photovoltaic or bioimaging applications. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.A major goal in ecology, evolution and conservation biology is understanding how species adapt to changing conditions and using that information to improve conservation actions. Primary to advancing our understanding of adaptation and adaptive potential is determining the causes and consequences of the genetic and phenotypic intraspecific variation that allows for adaptation. However, few studies have been able to link the variation present in molecular process under differing conditions to intraspecific variation in survival. In a From the Cover article in this issue of Molecular Ecology, Harder et al explore the relationship between molecular process and survival to understand the adaptive variation underlying tolerance to low thiamine (vitamin B1, an essential micronutrient) conditions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Thiamine is required for metabolic functioning, including energy production and nervous and cardiovascular system functioning. By combining controlled breeding and phenotyping with a survival study and transcriptomics, the authors are able to quantify among-family differences in survival under low thiamine conditions.
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