Notes

AP2/ERF, an important cold stress-related transcription issue family in vegetation: An assessment.
To assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in medical students, and to analyse effects of demographics and nomophobia on depression, anxiety and stress.

The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from April 1 to May 23, 2019, and comprised male and female medical students aged 19-25 years. Data was collected using a demographic information form, the 21-item depression, anxiety and stress scale and the 20-item nomophobia questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.

Of the 230 students, 108(47%) were boys and 122 (53%) were girls. The overall mean age was 21.93±1.80 years. Anxiety, depression and stress was reported in 168 (74.6%), 158 (70.2%) and 127 (55.9%) of the students. Extremely severe anxiety, depression and stress were self-reported by 92 (40.9%), 38 (16.8%) and 16 (7.04%) students. There was a significant difference in the distribution of subjects within different levels of anxiety across gender (p<0.05). Higher anxiety and stress scores were observed in 78 (33.9%) students with severe nomophobia. Differences in the levels of anxiety and stress with regards to type of residence and nomophobia levels were significant (p<0.05).

There was high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress associated with gender, nomophobia levels and residence type.
There was high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress associated with gender, nomophobia levels and residence type.
To determine the frequency of persistent pain in patients after breast cancer surgery, and to assess the distribution and characteristics of pain in such patients.

The prospective observational single cohort study was conducted at the Department of Anaesthesiology and in the Breast Clinic of the Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from August 2016 to January 2017, and comprised adult female patients with biopsy-proven carcinoma of breast who were scheduled for elective definitive breast cancer surgery. The patients were followed up for up to three months post-surgery and those with persistent pain were followed up for six months post-operation. Data was analysed using SPSS 19.

Of the 120 patients, 26(21.7%) developed persistent post-surgical pain for up to three months, while in 17(14.2%) patients, the pain continued for up to six months after the operation. Among those with persistent post-surgical pain, 11(42.3%) had burning pain, 10(38.5%) had throbbing pain, 3(11.5%) had numbness and 2(7.7%)had mixed character of pain. Also, 11(42.3%)patients developed pain at more than one site including axilla, chest wall, upper arm and surgical scar area, and the site of pain in majority patients 15(57.7%) was axilla.

The incidence of persistent pain following breast cancer surgery was found to be 21.7%.
The incidence of persistent pain following breast cancer surgery was found to be 21.7%.
To determine perception levels of student nurses about nursing diagnosis.

The descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey, in December 2015, and comprised nursing students studying in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades. Data was collected using a personal information form and the Perceptions of Nursing Diagnosis Survey. Data was analysed using SPSS 18.

Of the 386 students, 317(82%) were female and 321(83%) considered themselves competent enough to make diagnosis. Also, 268(69%) students thought that nursing diagnosis was useful in providing planned, correct and systemised diagnosis. Mean total score of perception of nursing diagnosis of female students was higher than males (p=0.005).

The students' perception level of nursing diagnosis was positive.
The students' perception level of nursing diagnosis was positive.
To determine the occurrence and characteristics of the two types of lepra reactions in new leprosy cases at initial diagnosis.

The retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Marie Adelaide Leprosy Centre, Karachi, and comprised all new leprosy cases registered from January 1, 2016, to June 30, 2018. Data was collected from the medical record database using a predesigned proforma.

Of the 50 cases, 2(4%) were children and 48 (96%) were adults, with overall age ranging from 12 to 85 years. There were 41(82%) males and 9(18%) females.. Of the total, 30(60%) cases presented with type 1 reaction and 20(40%) with type 2. Further, 30(60%) cases were classified as borderline lepromatous. Among them, 17(57%) had type 2 reaction. Inflamed plaques were the main feature in 27(90%) cases of type 1. Crops of painful, erythematous nodules were seen in 19(95%) cases of type 2.

Lepra reactions were found to be a presenting feature in a significant number of new leprosy cases at initial diagnosis.
Lepra reactions were found to be a presenting feature in a significant number of new leprosy cases at initial diagnosis.
To find the levels of self-esteem, depression, anxiety and stress among prosthesis users.

The cross-sectional study was conducted from June to November 2018 at Chal Foundation centres in Bagh and Swabi, Pakistan, and comprised prosthesis users of both genders aged 15-60 years. Rosenberg self-esteem scale and Depression anxiety and stress scale-21 were used to collect data which was analysed using SPSS 22.

Of the 400 subjects, 315(78.8%) were males and 85(21.2%) were females. The overall mean age was 38.03±11.86 years. Low level of self-esteem was found in 350(87.5%), depression in 374(93.4%), anxiety in 388(96.9%) and stress in 338(84.4%). Females showed significant association with stress (p=0.009).

The level of self-esteem was low among majority of the participants and psychological well-being was found to be poor.
The level of self-esteem was low among majority of the participants and psychological well-being was found to be poor.
To evaluate the effect of cookies supplemented with apple pomace and mango-peel powder on postprandial glucose and insulin concentration.

The experimental study was conducted from February to August, 2018, at the Nutrition Counselling Centre, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Different cookies with apple pomace and mango-peel powder were prepared and the most nutritive acceptable cookies were used to determine their postprandial effect on glucose and insulin concentrations against the control cookies made with white flour only in female subjects. Adult women were selected through advertisement with normal body mass index. Data was analysed using SPSS 17.

All the 30 subjects received enriched and control cookies at different time slots during the study. The overall mean age of the sample was 25±10 years and each subject had body mass index <25kg/m2. Overall blood glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly lower with treatment cookies , compared to the control cookies (p<0.05).

It was evident that fruit processing waste can be used as a nutraceutical agent in diet-based modules.
It was evident that fruit processing waste can be used as a nutraceutical agent in diet-based modules.
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan in detecting cervical nodal metastasis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. and comprised records from January 1, 2015, to October 31, 2016, of patients diagnosed with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and who underwent surgical resection of primary tumour along with neck dissection after having a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of head and neck. Diagnostic accuracy of the scans was calculated using final histopathology as the gold standard. All scans were reviewed by a consultant radiologist. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.

Of the 100 patients whose records were reviewed, 70(70%) were female, 55(55%) had buccal and 32(32%) had tongue cancer.. The scans had sensitivity 83%, specificity 61.7%, positive predictive value 70.9%, negative predictive value 76.3% and overall diagnostic accuracy 73%.

Computed tomography scan was found to be a useful tool for preoperative staging of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. However, due to low specificity and negative predictive value, elective neck dissection should still be done in a negative scan for cervical lymph node metastases.
Computed tomography scan was found to be a useful tool for preoperative staging of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. However, due to low specificity and negative predictive value, elective neck dissection should still be done in a negative scan for cervical lymph node metastases.
To compare the outcome in terms of mean time to disappearance of cough, wheezing, crackles and length of hospital stay in patients treated with sodium chloride 3% with sodium chloride 0.9% as nebulisation diluent in children for suffering from bronchiolitis.

The prospective study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Medicine Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from November 2014 to April 2015, and comprised children aged between 6 weeks and 24 months having bronchiolitis. Group A received 3% sodium chloride and Group B received 0.9% of the same solution. Duration of cough, wheezing, crackles and duration of stay at hospital were compared between the groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 17.

Of the 100 patients, there were 50(50%) in Group A with a mean age of 7.17±4.46 months, and as many in Group B with a mean age of 6.6±3.74 months. Overall, there were 55(55%) boys and 45(45%) girls. Mean cough and wheezing remission time as well as length of hospital stay was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05).

In children having bronchiolitis, 3% saline as nebuliser solution was found to be more effective than 0.9% saline solution.
In children having bronchiolitis, 3% saline as nebuliser solution was found to be more effective than 0.9% saline solution.
To explore the genetic cause of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa in consanguineous families.

The multi-centre study was conducted from July 2015 to June 2018 at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, the University of Sindh, Jamshoro, and Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, and comprised families affected with non-syndromic autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmological investigations were done to assess the fundus of the patients and the status of the disease. Aloxistatin nmr Pedigrees were drawn and family histories were recorded to find out the mode of inheritance. A 10cc sample of whole blood was obtained from each participant and deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted. Homozygosity mapping was performed using three short tandem repeat polymorphisms closely linked to phosphodiesterase 6A gene, and the linked families were Sanger-sequenced for identification of the mutation. Bioinformatic tools were used to design amplification refractory mutation system assay and to assess the protein structure and pathogenic effects of the mutation.

In the 80 consanguineous families, there were 464 individuals, and, of them, 236(51%) were affected with their age ranging between 4 and 80 years. link2 Family history and pedigree drawings revealed autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa with early childhood onset. link3 Linkage analysis indicated the homozygosity in 6(7.5%) families. Sanger-sequencing revealed a common mutation c.304C>A (p.Arg102Ser); segregating with the disease in the linked families.

The findings may offer effective genetic counselling and minimise disease penetration in consanguineous families.
The findings may offer effective genetic counselling and minimise disease penetration in consanguineous families.
Homepage: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Aloxistatin.html