Notes

Highly productive adsorption along with procedure associated with alkylphenols about magnet lowered graphene oxide.
ved (percentage increase of 12.5%-71.0%).

This study found that there was paucity of domestic funding for HPSR in Nigeria alongside poor knowledge of budgeting and advocacy strategies among both policymakers and researchers. We recommend the deployment of these identifiedstrategies and wider national and regional stakeholder engagement towards prioritizing and improving domestic funding for HPSR.
This study found that there was paucity of domestic funding for HPSR in Nigeria alongside poor knowledge of budgeting and advocacy strategies among both policymakers and researchers. We recommend the deployment of these identified strategies and wider national and regional stakeholder engagement towards prioritizing and improving domestic funding for HPSR.
Sustainable shifts in population behaviours require system-level implementation and embeddedness of large-scale health interventions. This paper aims to understand how different contexts of scaling up interventions affect mechanisms to produce intended and unintended scale up outcomes.

A mixed method study combining a realist perspective and systems analysis (causal loop diagrams) of scaled-up physical activity and/or nutrition interventions implemented at a state/national level in Australia (2010-18). The study involved four distinct phases Phase 1 expert consultation, database and grey literature searches to identify scaled-up interventions; Phase 2 generating initial Context-Mechanism-Outcome configurations (CMOs) from the WHO ExpandNet framework for scaling up; Phase 3 testing and refining CMOs via online surveys and realist interviews with academics, government and non-government organisations (NGOs) involved in scale up of selected interventions (Phase 1); and Phase 4 generating cross-case mid-rangeiterative adaptation throughout, may enhance scale up outcomes. Current linear, context-to-outcome depictions of scale up oversimplify what is a clearly a complex interaction between perceptions, worldviews and goals of those involved. Mechanisms identified in this study could potentially be leveraged during future scale up efforts, to positively influence intervention scalability and sustainability.
Major prospective randomized clinical safety trials have demonstrated beneficial effects of treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in people with type 2 diabetes and elevated cardiovascular risk, and recent clinical treatment guidelines therefore promote early use of these classes of pharmacological agents. In this Swedish nationwide observational study, we compared cardiorenal outcomes and safety of new treatment with GLP-1RA and SGLT-2i in people with type 2 diabetes.

We linked data from national Swedish databases to capture patient characteristics and outcomes and used propensity-score based matching to account for differences between the two groups. The treatments were compared using Cox regression models.

We identified 9648 participants starting GLP-1RA and 12,097 starting SGLT-2i with median follow-up times 1.7 and 1.1 years, respectively. The proportion of patients with a history of MACE were 15.8%, and 17.0% in y.
This observational study suggests that treatment with GLP-1RA and SGLT-2i result in very similar cardiorenal outcomes. In the short term, treatment with GLP-1RA seem to be associated with lower risks of stroke and peripheral artery disease, whereas SGLT-2i seem to be nominally associated with lower risk of heart failure and total mortality.
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and imposes a serious economic load. Thus, it is crucial to perform a timely and accurate diagnosis and monitoring in the early stage of myocardial ischemia. Currently, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising tools for multimodal imaging, because of their advantages of non-invasion, high-safety, and real-time dynamic imaging, providing valuable information for the diagnosis of heart diseases.

In this study, we prepared a targeted nanoprobe (termed IMTP-Fe
O
-PFH NPs) with enhanced ultrasound (US), photoacoustic (PA), and magnetic resonance (MR) performance for direct and non-invasive visual imaging of ischemic myocardium in a rat model. This successfully designed nanoprobe had excellent properties such as nanoscale size, good stability, phase transformation by acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV), and favorable safety profile. Besides, it realized obvious targeting performance toward hypoxia-injured cells as well as model rat hearts. After injection of NPs through the tail vein of model rats, in vivo imaging results showed a significantly enhanced US/PA/MR signal, well indicating the remarkable feasibility of nanoprobe to distinguish the ischemic myocardium.

IMTP-Fe
O
-PFH NPs may be a promising nanoplatform for early detection of ischemic myocardium and targeted treatment under visualization for the future.
IMTP-Fe3O4-PFH NPs may be a promising nanoplatform for early detection of ischemic myocardium and targeted treatment under visualization for the future.
Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has remained under investigation. We investigated its effect from a unique perspective and discussed its application.

We retrospecively analyzed consecutive 131 PDAC patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy. Clinicopathologic data at surgery and postoperative prognosis were compared between patients who underwent upfront surgery (UFS) (n = 64) and those who received NAC (n = 67), of which 62 (92.5%) received gemcitabine plus S-1 (GS). Ipatasertib inhibitor The GS regimen resulted in about 15% of partial response and 85% of stable disease in a previous study which analyzed a subset of this study subjects.

Tumor size was marginally smaller, degree of nodal metastasis and rate of distant metastasis were significantly lower, and pathologic stage was significantly lower in the NAC group than in the UFS group. In contrast, significant differences were not observed in histopathologic features such as vessel and perineu and locally advanced PDAC for enabling surgical resection, but UFS would be desirable for primary resectable PDAC.
Given the rising prevalence of dysglycemia and disparities in heart failure (HF) burden, we determined race- and sex-specific lifetime risk of HF across the spectrum of fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

Individual-level data from adults without baseline HF was pooled from 6 population-based cohorts. Modified Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox models adjusted for the competing risk of death, and Irwin's restricted mean were used to estimate the lifetime risk, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), and years lived free from HF in middle-aged (40-59years) and older (60-79years) adults with FPG < 100mg/dL, prediabetes (FPG 100-125mg/dL) and diabetes (FPG ≥ 126mg/dL or on antihyperglycemic agents) across race-sex groups.

In 40,117 participants with 638,910 person-years of follow-up, 4846 cases of incident HF occurred. The lifetime risk of HF was significantly higher among middle-aged White adults and Black women with prediabetes (range 6.1% [95% CI 4.8%, 7.4%] to 10.8% [95% CI 8.3%, 13.4%]) compared with normoglycemic adults (range 3.5% [95% CI 3.0%, 4.1%] to 6.5% [95% CI 4.9%, 8.1%]). Middle-aged Black women with diabetes had the highest lifetime risk (32.4% [95% CI 26.0%, 38.7%]) and aHR (4.0 [95% CI 3.0, 5.4]) for HF across race-sex groups. Middle-aged adults with prediabetes and diabetes lived on average 0.9-1.6 and 4.1-6.0 fewer years free from HF, respectively. Findings were similar in older adults except older Black women with prediabetes did not have a higher lifetime risk of HF.

Prediabetes was associated with higher lifetime risk of HF in middle-aged White adults and Black women, with the association attenuating in older Black women. Black women with diabetes had the highest lifetime risk of HF compared with other race-sex groups.
Prediabetes was associated with higher lifetime risk of HF in middle-aged White adults and Black women, with the association attenuating in older Black women. Black women with diabetes had the highest lifetime risk of HF compared with other race-sex groups.
Investment in human resources for health not only strengthens the health system, but also generates employment and contributes to economic growth. India can gain from enhanced investment in health workforce in multiple ways. This study in addition to presenting updated estimates on size and composition of health workforce, identifies areas of investment in health workforce in India.

We analyzed two sources of data (i) National Health Workforce Account (NHWA) 2018 and (ii) Periodic Labour Force Survey 2017-2018 of the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). Using the two sources, we collated comparable estimates of different categories of health workers in India, density of health workforce and skill-mix at the all India and state levels.

The study estimated (from NHWA 2018) a total stock of 5.76 million health workers which included allopathic doctors (1.16 million), nurses/midwives (2.34 million), pharmacist (1.20 million), dentists (0.27 million), and traditional medical practitioner (AYUSH 0.79 millionr increasing the number of active health workers and also improve the skill-mix which requires investment in professional colleges and technical education. India also needs encouraging qualified health professionals to join the labor markets and additional trainings and skill building for already working but inadequately qualified health workers.
India needs to invest in HRH for increasing the number of active health workers and also improve the skill-mix which requires investment in professional colleges and technical education. India also needs encouraging qualified health professionals to join the labor markets and additional trainings and skill building for already working but inadequately qualified health workers.
It is currently unknown whether patients with childhood-onset Takayasu disease (c-TA) are prone to physical inactivity and poor aerobic capacity. In this study, we assessed physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness along with health-related quality of life (HRQL) and various traditional and non-traditional risk factors in patients with c-TA vs. healthy controls.

c-TA patients with non-active disease (n = 17) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 17) were enrolled in the study. We assessed physical activity levels, aerobic capacity, body composition, systemic inflammation, cardiometabolic markers, disease-related parameters, and HRQL.

c-TA patients showed greater time spent in sedentary behavior (P = 0.010), and lower moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (P > 0.001) and lower step counts per day (P > 0.001). VO
(P < 0.001) and chronotropic response (P = 0.016) were significantly lower in patients with c-TA and they had worse HRQL in physical domain (P < 0.001), lower bone mineral content and density, and higher insulin levels vs. healthy controls (all P ≤ 0.05).

c-TA patients exhibited reduced physical activity levels and aerobic capacity, worse cardiometabolic risk factors and HRQL parameter compared with healthy peers. Physical inactivity and aerobic deconditioning emerge as potentially novel risk factors for c-TA. The role of physical activity interventions in preventing poor outcomes and improving HRQL in c-TA remains to be explored.
c-TA patients exhibited reduced physical activity levels and aerobic capacity, worse cardiometabolic risk factors and HRQL parameter compared with healthy peers. Physical inactivity and aerobic deconditioning emerge as potentially novel risk factors for c-TA. The role of physical activity interventions in preventing poor outcomes and improving HRQL in c-TA remains to be explored.
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