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Nitrogen removing overall performance involving sulfur autotrophic denitrification under distinct S2O32- enhancements utilizing isotopic fractionation associated with nitrogen as well as air.
Students completed a 20-question pre- and post-training quiz that covered basic ultrasound principles. Students also conducted a focused assessment with sonography for trauma examination for the practical portion of their evaluation.

Students' pre- to post-training quiz scores increased from 33.6% to 72.6% correct in the lecture group (n = 21; P < .0001), from 40.7% to 75.5% correct in the podcast group (n = 20; P< .0001), and from 37.8% to 70.0% correct in the control group (n = 23; P< .0001). Data analysis of written and practical examination scores showed no significant differences among the groups [F(2,61) = 0.885; P = .418; F(2,60) = 1.739; P = .184, respectively].

These results suggest that all 3 methods are equally effective in teaching novice medical students basic ultrasound knowledge and skills.
These results suggest that all 3 methods are equally effective in teaching novice medical students basic ultrasound knowledge and skills.
The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the value of sonography in working up or ruling out malrotation by 3 sonographic features (inversion of the superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein, the whirlpool sign, and an intraperitoneal transverse duodenum) and comparing it with an upper gastrointestinal (GI) contrast study.

A total of 70 pediatric patients who underwent detailed abdominal sonography to rule out intestinal malrotation were included. JNJ-64619178 cost Twenty-three of them also underwent an upper GI contrast study. Surgery or clinical follow-up was taken as the reference standard. Statistical analysis was performed with the χ(2) test.

Twenty-three patients had a diagnosis of malrotation by surgical findings. With the combination of all 3 sonographic features, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of sonography for determining malrotation were 100% (23 of 23), 97.8% (46 of 47), and 98.6% (69 of 70), respectively, whereas the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the upper GI study were 40% (4 of 10), 64.3% (9 of 14), and 56.5% (13 of 23; P < .001). Combined anomalies in 2 patients and complications in 2 patients were also detected by sonography.

By combining inversion of the superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein, the whirlpool sign, and an intraperitoneal transverse duodenum, sonography might be more valuable for accurately working up or ruling out pediatric malrotation than an upper GI contrast study. In addition, sonography could provide extra information, such as combined anomalies and intestinal necrosis, to help management.
By combining inversion of the superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein, the whirlpool sign, and an intraperitoneal transverse duodenum, sonography might be more valuable for accurately working up or ruling out pediatric malrotation than an upper GI contrast study. In addition, sonography could provide extra information, such as combined anomalies and intestinal necrosis, to help management.
Patients with cerebral small vessel disease often present with various motor, cognitive, and emotional changes, including gait disturbances, parkinsonism, and depression. Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity, brain stem raphe hypoechogenicity, ventricle diameters, and sonographic characteristics of other brain structures on transcranial sonography have been increasingly used as biomarkers in a range of neurologic diseases. We aimed to explore the frequency and clinical correlates of transcranial sonographic findings in symptomatic patients with small vessel disease.

In a cross-sectional study, neurologic, cognitive, and emotional statuses and transcranial sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings were compared between 102 patients with small vessel disease and 45 healthy age- and sex-matched control participants.

Compared to healthy controls, small vessel disease cases had more frequent brain stem raphe hypoechogenicity (55.9% versus 11.1%; P < .0001), substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (30.4% versus 11.1%; P = .022), and enlarged third ventricles (P < .0001). Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity correlated with gait disturbances, extrapyramidal features, and cognitive impairment. Brain stem raphe hypoechogenicity was associated with the diagnosis of depression. Enlargement of the third and lateral ventricles was more frequent in patients with cognitive impairment. Pathologic substantia nigra hyperechogenicity and enlarged ventricles were associated with the severity of cerebral ischemic lesions.

Transcranial sonography shows pathologic findings in a substantial number of patients with small vessel disease, probably reflecting disruption of frontostriatal pathways.
Transcranial sonography shows pathologic findings in a substantial number of patients with small vessel disease, probably reflecting disruption of frontostriatal pathways.
The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of major bleeding complications for ultrasound-guided paracentesis performed in thrombocytopenic patients.

We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of patients with platelet counts of less than 50,000/μL who had ultrasound-guided paracenteses performed in the Department of Radiology without correcting preprocedural platelet transfusions between 2005 and 2011. Medical records were evaluated for evidence of major bleeding complications (grade 3 or higher as defined by the National Institutes of Health's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.03) and their clinical sequelae. Platelet count and bleeding complications were evaluated for an association, and a sensitivity analysis was performed to determine whether analysis of a control group of patients without thrombocytopenia would yield added confidence in this assessment.

Among 304 procedures in 205 thrombocytopenic patients (69% male; mean age ± SD, 56.6 ± 11.9 years serum platelet concentration is not necessary, and correction of such an abnormal laboratory value is not indicated.Neurological drugs delivered to the olfactory region can enter the brain via olfactory pathways and bypass the blood-brain barrier. However, clinical applications of the direct nose-to-brain delivery are rare because of the extremely low olfactory doses using conventional nasal devices. This poor bioavailability is mainly caused by two factors the complex nasal structure that traps particles in the anterior nose and the complete lack of control over particle motions after their release at the nostrils. In this study, the feasibility of electric-guided delivery to the olfactory region was tested in an anatomically accurate nasal airway model both experimentally and numerically. The nose replicas were prepared using 3-D printing and could be dissembled to reveal the local deposition patterns within the nasal cavity. A test platform was developed that included a dry powder charging system and a particle point-release nozzle. Numerical modeling was conducted using COMSOL and compared to corresponding experiments. Compared to conventional nasal devices, electric-guidance of charged particles noticeably reduced particle losses in the anterior nose and increased depositions in the olfactory region. The thickness and relative permittivity of the wall were observed to affect the electric field strength and olfactory dosages. Consistent deposition patterns were obtained between experiments and numerical simulations in both 2-D and 3-D nose models. Two conceptual designs were proposed to generate, charge, and control aerosols. Results of this study indicate that it is feasible to use an electric field to control charged particles in the human nose. Both electric-guidance and point-release of particles are essential to achieve targeted olfactory delivery. Future studies to refine the aerosol charging and release systems are needed for further enhancement of olfactory dosages.It has long been argued that light from a laser diode is superior to light from a light-emitting diode (LED) in terms of its effect on biological tissues. In order to shed light on this ongoing debate, we compared the antimicrobial effect of light emitted from a 405-nm LED with that of a 405-nm laser on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at comparable fluences. We cultured 5 × 10(6) CFU/ml MRSA on tryptic soy agar and then irradiated culture plates once, twice, or thrice with either LED or laser light using 40, 54, 81, or 121 J/cm(2) fluence at 15-, 30-, or 240-min time interval between irradiation. Cultures were incubated immediately after irradiation at 37 °C for 24 h before imaging and counting remnant bacterial colonies. Regardless of the device used, LED or laser, irradiation at each fluence resulted in statistically significant bacterial growth suppression compared to non-irradiated controls (p  less then  0.0001). The antimicrobial effect of both light sources, LED and laser, was not statistically different at each fluence in 35 of the 36 experimental trials. Bacterial growth suppression achieved with either source of light increased with repeated irradiation, particularly at the 15- or 30-min treatment time interval. Thus, we conclude that the antimicrobial effect of 405-nm laser and 405-nm LED on MRSA is similar; neither has a superior antimicrobial effect when compared to the other.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represents an important molecular target in the treatment of lung adenocarcinomas; many anti-EGFR therapies are approved as first line and second-line treatment in patients having metastatic lung adenocarcinomas. The occurrence of this mutation varies in terms of race; it is around 10% in Caucasians and can reach 30% in Asians. Its prevalence in our Middle Eastern region is not well known.

Patients diagnosed with non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinomas between March 2013 and March 2015 were included. This study was conducted at Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, a tertiary medical center in Lebanon. EFGR mutations were analyzed using real time PCR technique on the Rotor-Gene Q using Scorpions and ARMS technologies. The following data was collected the patients' characteristics (age, gender, smoking status, stage), the samples' characteristics (histology subtype, TTF-1 and Napsin A immunostainings, the site and the adequacy and the type of the sample), andn is similar to that observed in the Caucasian population. This mutation is also significantly more frequent in females and non-smokers.
The prevalence of EGFR mutation (11.9%) detected in our Lebanese population is similar to that observed in the Caucasian population. This mutation is also significantly more frequent in females and non-smokers.A number of factors affect the measurements by charge coupled (CCD) array spectroradiometers, including stray light, dynamic response and ambient temperature. The departure from linearity was assessed for four CCD array spectroradiometers and linearity correction calculated with standard uncertainties error estimates. A fixed irradiance source supplemented with neutral density filters was used to allow tests to cover a full range of operational conditions. The dependence of the dynamic response on well depth and integration time was investigated. One spectroradiometer exhibited an accumulated departure from linearity of ∼20 % near the top of the well; for others the departure from linearity was less pronounced.
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