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coli at inhibition zone diameters of 8.3 mm, and 8.0 mm, respectively, while ethyl acetate fraction was against S. aureus with an inhibition zone of 8.7 mm. Methanolic fraction exhibited broad-spectrum activity against 87.5% of the tested microbes (inhibition zones 6.3-8.3 mm). Furthermore, we qualitatively detected terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolics such as flavonoids, and anthraquinones in extract fractions. GC-MS analysis detected an abundance of fatty acid esters, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester-hexadecanoic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxy propyl ester-octadecanoic acid and four alkanes. Taken together, we show that A. pluriseta extract fractions (especially ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions) have strong selective antitubercular activity, and thus, we scientifically validate the use of A. pluriseta as a potential source for the discovery of novel antitubercular agents.
Pomegranate juice (PJ) is rich in important compounds with anti-cancer activities. This study aims to investigate the preventive effect of pomegranate juice (PJ) against bladder cancer (BC).

Eighty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly classified into 4 equal groups (1) Normal controls; (2) PJ group supplied by PJ for 12 weeks; (3) Cancer-induced group intake 0.05% v/v
-butyl-
-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) for 8 weeks; (4) Cancer-prevented group BBN + PJ. After 12 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and their urinary bladder tissues were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical (p53) examinations, expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and the tumor protein p53 (TP53) and analysis of oxidative stress markers.

The development of BC was 0/20 (0%) in normal, PJ and cancer-prevented groups and 20/20 (100%) in cancer-induced group. Significant neoplastic lesions were observed in cancer-induced group. Mild preneoplastic alterations were noticed in 25% (5/20) of cancer-prevented group. p53 immunostaining were significantly elevated in the cancer-induced group, which was decreased in the cancer-prevented group. The relative expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, HIF-1 and TP53 were significantly lower in the cancer-prevented group compared to the cancer-treated group. eFT-508 Correction in the oxidative stress markers were also observed in the cancer-prevented group.

PJ possesses a promising inhibitory effect on BC development, probably due to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
PJ possesses a promising inhibitory effect on BC development, probably due to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a precursor of estrogen, partially exhibits its biological effect after conversion to estrogen. Its biological significance in perimenopausal depressive disorder or postpartum depression remains unknown. Here, we observed the effects of long-term supplementation of DHEA on depression-like behaviors in ovariectomized rats.

We established the model as one of sex hormone deficiency in female rats by bilateral ovariectomy. We observed the effects of 13.3 mg/kg DHEA or 0.27 mg/kg estradiol were given daily by gavage for 12 weeks on lipid metabolism, glucose tolerance, and depression-like behaviors in ovariectomized rats. Furthermore, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its signaling molecule in the hippocampus was analyzed.

The 12-week supplementation of DHEA or estradiol significantly alleviated weight gain and improved the glucose tolerance in the ovariectomized rats. Moreover, Long-term supplement of DHEA or estradiol significantly increased sucrose preference and locomotion activities, and reduced immobility duration of the ovariectomized rats in the water. Both DHEA and estradiol treatments increased the expression of BDNF, phosphorylation of ERK and CREB, and ERβ, but not that of ERα in the hippocampus of the ovariectomized rats.

Overall, chronic treatment with DHEA improved depression-like behaviors in ovariectomized rats, suggesting that it may be useful for the treatment of sex hormone deficiency such as perimenopausal depressive disorder or postpartum depression.
Overall, chronic treatment with DHEA improved depression-like behaviors in ovariectomized rats, suggesting that it may be useful for the treatment of sex hormone deficiency such as perimenopausal depressive disorder or postpartum depression.Scientists have long sought to uncover the secrets of the migration of anguillid eels, genus Anguilla. As catadromous fishes, anguillid eels spend most of their lives in freshwater until they return to their spawning grounds in the tropics, although part of the population never enters freshwater and instead resides in brackish and marine areas close to coastlines. Molecular phylogenetic research suggests that anguillid eels originated from deep-ocean midwater marine anguilliform species and that tropical eels originating from the Indo-Pacific region are the most basal species of anguillid eels. Anguillid eels left the tropical ocean to colonize temperate areas. The yearly spawning of tropical species and constant larval growth throughout the year extend to periods of recruitment in continental habitats to last all year for tropical eels. Tropical eels such as A. celebesensis and A. borneensis have relatively short migrations periods of less than 100 km to their spawning grounds. Conversely, the temperate Euron revealed in recent decades.Mules (Equus mulus) are interspecific hybrids derived from crossing horse (Equus caballus) mares with jackasses (Equus asinus). In Italy, the production of mules is very important for the special environmental areas, where they are used as working animals, instead of the forbidden agricultural machines. Although many horse mares carry mule pregnancy successfully at term, low fertility of mares used for producing mules was reported, but limited data about reproductive efficiency in mares carrying mule pregnancy, especially when age and reproductive status are concerned, are available. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effect of age and of reproductive status on some reproductive indices of horse mares carrying mule pregnancy, in the final purpose to better clarify factors affecting reproductive performances in the valuable production of mules as working animals under special environmental areas in Italy. The study, performed on 96 draft mares inseminated with Martina Franca donkey semen, showed a satisfactory 89.6% 14 days PO pregnancy rate, lower pregnancy losses (19.8%) than those previously reported for mule pregnancies, leading to satisfactory foaling rates (71.9%), similar to those reported for intraspecific horse pregnancies. link2 A clear, significant detrimental effect of mare's age on pregnancy losses, foaling rate, and on number of estrous cycles needed to achieve pregnancy, was found. Reproductive status also affected the reproductive indices, with significantly higher pregnancy losses and lower foaling rate in barren mares, reopening the question about the possible lower reproduction efficiency in horse mares carrying mule pregnancy. The present study results, although mostly descriptive, add useful information about some factors affecting reproductive performances in the valuable production of mules as working animals under special environmental areas in Italy.Tessaria dodoneifolia [Asteraceae] is traditionally employed in Northwestern Argentina for fungal infections treatment. We report the antifungal activity guided isolation and identification of substances from aerial parts of this species, both individually and in combination with fluconazole (FLU), against Candida albicans strains. Two antifungal flavanones were identified as naringenin (NAR) and pinocembrin (PIN). These compounds could individually inhibit the growth of C. albicans strains. Combinations of NAR and PIN with FLU were synergistic against the FLU resistant and sensitive C. albicans strains. Genotoxic and cytotoxic evaluations were also performed. NAR, PIN and their combinations with FLU did not have a genotoxic effect on Bacillus subtilis rec strains. link3 Finally, these compounds did not show cytotoxicity at concentrations below 80 μg/mL.The present study aimed at alleviating the impacts of alachlor (Ala) or atrazine (Atr) on maize growth by seed-dressing with naphthalic anhydride (NA, 0.4% w/w by seed weight). The dressed and undressed seeds were germinated for 10 days and treated with Ala or Atr at 3.2 or 1.8 kg ha-1, respectively, then the herbicide residues were determined in shoots one day after treatment. Atr residues were higher than Ala and remained in the same level for the 2nd day then retracted consistently up to 12 days. Meanwhile, GSH and GST were significantly induced while growth parameters were reduced; the effect of Atr was higher than Ala. Nonetheless, ABA, phenolics and anthocyanins as well as PAL, TAL and CI were increased but IAA was decreased coincidently with enhanced IAA-O and peroxidase. The immediate detection of the herbicide residues could conclude that growth reduction as elucidated from the decreased IAA concomitant with elevating ABA, phenolics and anthocyanin contents and enzyme activities are consequences of the herbicide persistence. The drop of IAA was preceded by the stimulation of IAA-O and peroxidase while the increased phenolics and anthocyanins followed PAL, TAL and CI stimulation confirming the regulatory roles of these enzymes. The application of NA greatly lowered the herbicide residues concurrently with ameliorations in growth parameters, GSH, GST, and maintained the balancing of secondary metabolites and plant growth regulators. Lowering Ala and Atr residues by NA in synchronization with enhanced GSH and GST could conclude that NA encouraged the detoxification of the herbicide. Moreover, the balances of IAA, ABA, phenolics and anthocyanins were mostly maintained in normal levels concomitantly with growth ameliorations suggesting that phytohormones and secondary metabolites are involved in the elevation of maize tolerance to Ala and Atr.Building retrofitting plays a critical role in achieving sustainable development and is an efficient way to improve the indoor air quality (IAQ) of existing spaces. The IAQ in classrooms has a significant impact on the health and academic achievement of students. However, improving the IAQ of existing classrooms is challenging if minimum architectural modifications are allowed. Different natural ventilation retrofitting techniques were proposed to improve the IAQ in existing classrooms at Jordan University of Science and Technology, which is located in a hot arid region. Computer simulations were used to analyze the ventilation rate, indoor operative temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration in the base Case classroom and after the implementation of the proposed retrofitting techniques. Simulation results were compared with those obtained in the base case to determine the most efficient natural ventilation retrofitting technique. The best results were obtained by using a solar chimney to assist a wind tower, which resulted in an increase in the comfort hours during the occupation time, an improvement in the average monthly ventilation rate range, a decrease in the CO2 concentration, and an improvement in the relative humidity ratio. An energy-saving of 39% would be achieved compared with the use of split unit air condition systems. Economic assessment of the proposed system using net present value indicates positive economic viability.
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