Notes

Planning associated with amino-modified cellulose aerogels and adsorption in normal diclofenac sea contaminant.
32 V and a short-circuit current (ISC) of 0.27 μA, with a generated power of 19.28 nW under optimal resistive load, thus demonstrating the potential of flexible ScxAl(1-x)N films as active layers for next-generation wearable/implantable piezoelectrics.Xenobiotic metabolism can lead to metabolites with altered physicochemical and biological properties, which may differ markedly from those of their parent compounds. Thus, xenobiotic metabolism has great implication for chemical safety evaluation, which has become one of the central research areas in chemical toxicology. A1874 A plethora of analytical and in vitro methods now are available for investigating the metabolic fate of xenobiotics especially by cytochrome P450 (CYP), at a high level of detail. However, the interpretations of metabolic reactions often face some mechanistic challenges, e.g. the mechanism of initial and rate-determining step is not easily distinguished due to the transient nature of active species of CYP, and some reactive intermediates are difficult to be identified. Alternatively, computational chemistry methodologies such as quantum chemical calculations have the capacity to calculate the electronic structures for enzymatic models with hundreds of atoms, thus to be able to characterize intermediates and transition states during whole metabolic reaction course from both structural and energetics aspects, which can confront some major limitations of experimental methods. In this perspective, I first introduce the state of the art experimental and computational approaches for investigating xenobiotic metabolism catalyzed by CYP, respectively. Then, the strategies to harvest the synergy between experiments and computations are highlighted, which can be conducted through comparison of their analytical, kinetic or isotope effect data at qualitative, semi-quantitative, or quantitative level to determine the metabolic mechanism. Two examples are chosen to demonstrate the synergy advantage in elucidation of metabolic mechanism of triphenyl phosphate and atrazine catalyzed by CYP, respectively, which shows the interplay between experiments and computations allows gaining greater insight than the isolated methods.Although it is well-known that the environment of mitochondria is a densely packed network of macromolecules, the kinetics of the essential metabolic enzyme, citrate synthase, has been studied only under dilute conditions. To understand how this crowded environment impacts the behavior of citrate synthase, Michaelis-Menten kinetics were measured spectrophotometrically in the presence of synthetic crowders as a function of size, concentration, and identity. The largest factor contributing to crowding effects was the overlap concentration (c*), the concentration above which polymers begin to interact. The presence of the crowder dextran decreased the maximum rate of the reaction by ∼20% in the dilute regime (c*) regardless of polymer size. The disparate effects observed from different crowding agents of similar size also reveal the importance of transient interactions from crowding.Although the existing Fe3O4-based microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) have shown promising microwave absorbing (MA) capacity, it is highly desired but still remains a great challenge to achieve strong minimum reflection loss (RLmin) and broad effective frequency bandwidth (fe) at an ultralow filler loading. Herein, for the first time, by carbonizing hierarchical poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules with Fe3O4 nanoparticle cores in a nitrogen atmosphere, Fe3O4 hybrid and N-doped hollow carbon microspheres (Fe3O4/CMs) with a hierarchical micro/nanostructure are prepared on a large scale and at a low cost to achieve extremely superior MA performances. Benefitting from their unique structure and diverse composition, which synergetically contribute to good impedance matching, strong dielectric/magnetic loss, and abundant multiscattering/reflection, Fe3O4/CM composites possessed a RLmin value reaching -60.3 dB and an fe of as broad as 6.4 GHz (7.2-13.6 GHz, covering the full X-band) at an ultralow filler loading of 10 wt % in paraffin wax, which are significantly superior to those of the previously reported state-of-the-art Fe3O4-based or hollow MAMs. Furthermore, the fe can be adjusted in the range of 4.5-18 GHz, covering 85% of the whole measured frequency range, via changing the thickness between 2.5 and 5.5 mm. This work offers new insights for developing advanced lightweight MAMs with strong absorption and a broad absorbing frequency range at a low filler loading.Nutrient deficiency, especially bio-available nitrogen deficiency, often impedes the bioremediation efforts of mining generated tailings. Biological nitrogen fixation is a critical process necessary for the initial nitrogen buildup in tailings. Current knowledge regarding the diazotrophs that inhabit tailings is still in its infancy. Therefore, in this study, a comprehensive investigation combining geochemical characterization, sequence analyses, molecular techniques, and activity measurements was conducted to characterize the diazotrophic community residing in tailing environments. Significant differences between tailings and their adjacent soils in prokaryotic and diazotrophic communities were detected. Meanwhile, strong and significant correlations between the absolute abundance of the nitrogen fixation (nifH), carbon fixation (cbbL), sulfur oxidation (soxB), and arsenite oxidation (aioA) genes were observed in the tailings but not in the soils. The reconstructed nif-containing metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) suggest that the carbon fixation and sulfur oxidation pathways were important for potential diazotrophs inhabiting the tailings. Activity measurements further confirmed that diazotrophs inhabiting tailings preferentially use inorganic electron donors (e.g., elemental sulfur) compared to organic electron donors (e.g., sucrose), while diazotrophs inhabiting soils preferred organic carbon sources. Collectively, these findings suggest that chemolithoautotrophic diazotrophs may play essential roles in acquiring nutrients and facilitating ecological succession in tailings.
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