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Anchor and connection functions involving APTES layer on software among hydrophilic starch films along with hydrophobic soyabean acrylic finish.
INTRODUCTION To identify patients with aneurysmal degeneration of the native aorta following type A aortic dissection (TAAD), reproducible serial measurements of aortic dimensions are critical. We used a systematic workflow for measuring aortic geometry following TAAD, using computed tomography angiography data, and test its reproducibility. METHODS The workflow for aortic measurements included centerline generation, luminal diameter, and area measurement at six anatomically defined locations along the aorta and luminal volumetric measurements in the descending aorta. Two independent observers measured the aortic geometry in 20 surgically repaired TAAD patients, preoperatively and at 3 months follow-up. To test reproducibility, intraobserver and interobserver agreement scores were analyzed using a concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). RESULTS The interobserver agreement scores of the diameter, area, and volumetric measurements in the descending aorta were acceptable. The agreement scores of the area measurements were highest, with CCCs ranging from 0.909 to 0.984. Luminal diameter measurements scored lower than luminal area measurements and were least reproducible at the mid aortic arch (CCC  less then  0.886). Overall, intraobserver agreement scores were better than interobserver agreement scores (SD of mean difference was 1.89 vs 1.94 for intraobserver vs interobserver diameter measurements, and 0.61 vs 0.66 for area measurements). CONCLUSION Although overall reproducibility was acceptable in descending aortic measurements, our results show that it remains challenging to reliably measure luminal diameters, compared with areas. To aid identification of early adverse remodeling following acute TAAD, novel two- and three-dimensional measurement techniques are needed that capture locoregional changes in the false lumen and true lumen morphology more accurately. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cardiac Surgery published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is one of two brain areas generating throughout life new neurons, which contribute to the formation of episodic/associative memories. During aging, the production of new neurons decreases and a cognitive decline occurs. Dietary factors influence neuronal function and synaptic plasticity; among them the phenolic compound hydroxytyrosol (HTyr), present in olive oil, displays neuroprotective effects. As age impacts primarily on the hippocampus-dependent cognitive processes, we wondered whether HTyr could stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo in adult and aged wild-type mice as well as in the B-cell translocation 1 gene (Btg1) knockout mouse model of accelerated neural aging. We found that treatment with HTyr activates neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult, aged, and Btg1-null mice, by increasing survival of new neurons and decreasing apoptosis. Notably, however, in the aged and Btg1-null dentate gyrus, HTyr treatment also stimulates the proliferation of stem and progenitor cells, whereas in the adult dentate gyrus HTyr lacks any proliferative effect. Moreover, the new neurons generated in aged mice after HTyr treatment are recruited to existing circuits, as shown by the increase of BrdU+ /c-fos+ neurons. Finally, HTyr treatment also reduces the markers of aging lipofuscin and Iba1. Overall, our findings indicate that HTyr treatment counteracts neurogenesis decline during aging. selleck products © 2020 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.BACKGROUND Burn wound healing is delayed due to several critical factors such as sustained inflammation, vascular disorder, neuropathy, enhanced proteolysis, infection, and oxidative stress. Burn wounds have limited oxygen supply owing to compromised blood circulation. Hypoxic burn milieu leads to free radicals overproduction incurring oxidative injury, which impedes repair process causing damage to cell membranes, proteins, lipids, and DNA. Photobiomodulation (PBM) with 904 nm superpulsed laser had shown potent healing efficacy via attenuating inflammation while enhancing proliferation, angiogenesis, collagen accumulation, and bioenergetic activation in burn wounds. METHODS This study investigated the effects of 904 nm superpulsed laser at 0.4 mW/cm2 average power density, 0.2 J/cm2 total energy density, 100 Hz frequency, and 200 ns pulse width for 10 min daily for seven days postburn injury on nitroxidative stress, endogenous antioxidants status, and redox homeostasis. RESULTS Photobiomodulation treatment significantly decreased reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation levels as compared to non-irradiated control. Further, protective action of PBM against protein oxidative damage was evidenced by reduced protein carbonylation and advanced oxidation protein product levels along with significantly enhanced endogenous antioxidants levels of SOD, catalase, GPx, GST, reduced glutathione, and thiol (T-SH, Np-SH, P-SH). Biochemical changes aid in reduction of oxidative stress and maintenance of redox homeostasis, which further well corroborated by significantly up-regulated protein expression of Nrf 2, hemeoxygenase (HO-1), and thioredoxin reductase 2 (Txnrd2). CONCLUSION Photobiomodulation with 904 nm superpulsed laser led to reduction of nitroxidative stress, induction of endogenous antioxidants, and maintenance of redox homeostasis that could play a vital role in augmentation of burn wound healing. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Intralesional cryosurgery is effective in the treatment of keloids, however, clinical studies have presented diversified results. OBJECTIVE A novel, reproducible model for biophysical studies on intralesional cryosurgery of keloids is presented. METHODS Triplicate studies with a cryosurgical needle on 37°C-heated potatoes, which exhibit identical specific heat and similar heat conduction with human skin, were performed. RESULTS No complete potato freezing resulted through a cryosurgical needle. The limited tissue damage achieved had a double concave form. The needle induced lower temperature and stronger tissue damage at the distal exit than the proximal entrance site. The concave form of tissue damage flattened with time at the area under the needle. Needle freezing with puncture distances of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 cm from the potato surface only revealed freezing temperatures within the 0.5 cm range. At any needle depth, tissue damage was detected at only an area to about 1 cm under the needle. CONCLUSION Clinical extrapolation of these experimental findings indicate a proper needle positioning towards the keloid basis, show keloid volume freezing limitations by a single needle and corroborate the observations of minor epidermal and deep dermal damage induced by intralesional cryosurgery.
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