Notes

Biomechanical balance examination regarding transpedicular anchoring screws along with sublaminar hook-rod program with all the specific component approach.
The study presents neuropsychological characteristic of 16 individuals with manganese-induced parkinsonism due to intravenous ephedrone use.

Overall cognitive function screening as well as full examination of various cognitive domains (verbal learning, visual memory, working memory, executive functions, construction and visuospatial functions) with the use of elastic neuropsychological test battery were performed. Dyshartric speech disorders were also precisely evaluated. Additionally, all individuals filled in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which is used to assess mood.

All patients had evident dysarthric speech disorders accompanied with palilalia and writing disorders (micrographia) in the majority of investigated individuals. Neuropsychological screening diagnosis showed no overall cognitive deficits at the level of dementia. Mild decrease in verbal learning and visual memory processes was found; as well as ideomotor but no construction praxis disorders. Results of working memory and executiveptualization abilities, as well as set-shifting disorders. Patients varied significantly in their severity of executive dysfunction. Duration of ephedrone use was found nonsignificant for patients' cognition. learn more The mean BDI score indicated moderate depression. Higher level of depressive symptoms was associated with poorer overall cognitive screening, decrease of visual and verbal learning as well as phonemic verbal fluency.The implementation of solutions in the area of e-health and use of electronically issued prescription obligations meets the modern requirements of the healthcare system. Adigital record of theissued prescriptions aims atpreventing prescriptions from being traded without a physician's name in patient medical records. Access to the system may in turn reveal doctors' bad practices, and fear of the professional and legal consequences may force achange in the prescription of benzodiazepines or non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. The effect of these activities may be the disclosure of many cases of 'hidden' dependence and adverse phenomena and increase in the number of effects of cases of sudden dose reduction or discontinuation of benzodiazepines or non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. It is recommended to develop integrated, central information and train Emergency Department staff. Awareness of the phenomenon and appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures can significantly increase the chance of improving the quality and safety of services provided in the acute intervention mode (Emergency Department). Arational solution may be to urgently develop standards of conduct in cases of acute withdrawal syndromes from benzodiazepines or non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. Itseems reasonable to introduce preventative programs enabling early recognition and treatment of cases where large and very large doses of drugs have been taken (high dose tolerance). Under no circumstances should medication be stopped abruptly. An information campaign, raising awareness also among the personnel of psychiatric wards, may increase the chances of systemic preparation for admission of the currently unknown population of patients at risk.The inability to speak in certain situations, as one may briefly characterize selective mutism (SM), according to the most recent classifications (DSM-5, ICD-11) belongs to the anxiety disorder spectrum. The onset of mutism in early childhood may impair further development and adversely affect educational achievements. It is essential that psychiatrists, as well as other physicians, speech therapists, nurses and teachers are familiar with this disorder, since the early start of treatment is associated with better prognosis. This literature review aims to present the contemporary view of this relatively rare psychopathological syndrome. In light of most recent studies on the etiology of SM, the sole symptom of mutism appears to represent an underlying heterogenic group of disorders. Based on the developmental psychopathology, the interrelations between overlapping abnormalities favor SM manifestation in some crucial moment in an individual's life. The etiologic complexity strongly suggests multimodal approach in the diagnostic and treatment process, which has been postulated by many authors.
To evaluate changes in the intensity of ADHD symptoms and size effects after the completion of the twelve-week "Workshops for Parents of Hyperactive Children".

Intervention group included parents (N = 199) of children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD, who completed the twelve-week parental training. The reference group included parents (N = 24) of children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD, who received 1-2 standard psychiatric visits within twelve weeks (treatment-as-usual). The following questionnaires were completed by the participants at the beginning and at the end of the training CBCLand Conners-IOWA-10 (parent's assessment of the child), TRF and Conners-RCTRS-28 (assessment of the child by the teacher/educator), and YSR (in children of 11 years and over). The same diagnostic regime was used in the reference group - the patients were assessed during the first visit and after twelve weeks.

The majority of attendees were parents of boys diagnosed with ADHD mixed type with or without ODD and ADHD predominantly inattentive type. The intervention resulted in significant reduction of inattentive-impulsive-hyperactive and oppositional-defiant symptoms in Conners-IOWA-10 and significant reduction of symptoms in the following CBCL scales "Social problems", "Attention problems", "Aggressive behavior", "Externalizing behavior", as well as the overall score, as rated by mothers. The improvement was age, diagnosis and pharmacotherapy independent.

The therapeutic program used in our study resulted in small to moderate reduction of symptoms in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder irrespective of subtype, comorbid disorders or pharmacotherapy (if implemented).
The therapeutic program used in our study resulted in small to moderate reduction of symptoms in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder irrespective of subtype, comorbid disorders or pharmacotherapy (if implemented).
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