Notes

An up to date Group Method of Femoral Bone Decrease in Revising Overall Stylish Arthroplasty.
The World Health Organization in March 2020 has announced that COVID-19 is a world pandemic because the number of infected cases increases rapidly. however, there are several available vaccines, their protection is limited to a certain period. Thus, the role of modalities that improve immune functions should be performed to counter COVID-19 viral load and decrease mortality rates.

To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on immune biomarkers, disease severity, and progression in patients with COVID-19.

A randomized controlled study.

Thirty patients with COVID-19 participated in this study. Participants' age ranged from 24 to 45 years old. Participants had a mild or moderate COVID-19. Participants were assigned randomly into two groups, exercise and control groups. There were two main dependent variables including blood immune markers and severity of respiratory symptoms.

All participants performed 2 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for 40min/session, 3 sessions/week. The measurementand quality of life. Also, a 2-weeks of aerobic exercise positively affected immune function by increasing the amounts of Leucocytes, Lymphocytes, Immunoglobulin A.
Technological resources, such as smartphones can contribute to the quantitative assessment of posture.

Test the validity and reliability of using a postural assessment application to quantify the frontal plane knee posture in orthostatism and to test the influence of the use of external markers on the precision of this measure.

Methodological study.

The knee frontal plane posture of 30 volunteers were analyzed by two independent examiners. The photographs were taken with different external marker arrangements. The photographs were analyzed at two moments using the Kinovea software and PhysioCode Posture (PCP) application. Reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between measures with each instrument conducted at two moments with a 7-day interval. Concurrent validity of PCP with Kinovea measure was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Standard error measurement (SEM), minimum detectable change (MDC) and Bland Altman plots were analyzed.

PCP demonstrated excellent intra-rater [ICC=0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90-0.93)] and inter-rater [ICC=0.88 (95%CI 0.85-0.90)] reliability. Concurrent validity analysis showed excellent agreement between PCP and Kinovea software (r=0.88). The use of markers, independent of positioning, did not influence the measurement properties of measures with both softwares. The SEM was inferior to 1.2°, and the MDC was below 2.85°. No systematic errors were observed in the Bland Altman graphs.

The use of PCP application to measure knee posture was valid and demonstrated excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability levels. find more The use of external markers did not influence the measurement.
The use of PCP application to measure knee posture was valid and demonstrated excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability levels. The use of external markers did not influence the measurement.
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate sex-related glycemic, cardiovascular, and enjoyment responses after intensity-(moderate) and duration-(30min) matched aerobic (AE) and strength exercises sessions (SE) in type 1 diabetic (T1DM) patients.

Twelve volunteers performed randomly three exercise sessions AE, strength exercises A (SEA) and B (SEB). Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, double product (DP) and capillary blood glucose (BG) levels were measured pre (PRE), immediately (POST-0) and 20min (POST-20) after each exercise session. Rating of perceived exertion and enjoyment level were also measured. A generalized mixed model was used to verify responses over time (p<0.05). Effect size (ES) was also calculated.

Men shown reduced BG levels (POST-0 and POST-20), besides presenting lower values than women in both time points after AE. BG was found reduced POST-0 (SEA and SEB) and POST-20 (SEA) in men, and POST-0 and POST-20min (SEA) in women compared to PRE (ES was moderate, large or very large), without causing hypoglycemic episodes. However, no differences between sexes were seen concerning strength sessions. Cardiovascular parameters and enjoyment levels were similar between exercise sessions.

When aerobic and strength exercise sessions are intensity- and duration-matched, lower glucose levels are seen in men after AE, but similar values are found regarding SE. These findings suggest that sex-specific recommendations may be considered when prescribing exercise for T1DM patients.
When aerobic and strength exercise sessions are intensity- and duration-matched, lower glucose levels are seen in men after AE, but similar values are found regarding SE. These findings suggest that sex-specific recommendations may be considered when prescribing exercise for T1DM patients.
Altered scapular muscle activity is associated with abnormal scapular motions and shoulder pain. Hence, quantification of these activities is a challenging issue.

The purposes of this study were to establish the reliability of measuring levator scapula muscle thickness and to examine how thickness of this muscle changes with contraction.

Twenty-one asymptomatic individuals (mean age 22.29±2.17 years) participated in this study. Three separate ultrasound images of the levator scapula muscle were captured at the neck-shoulder junction at rest and during a loaded isometric contraction. The procedures were repeated twice, four to seven days apart to establish intra-rater test-retest reliability. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were used to determine the reliability, and a paired t-test was performed to examine the difference in muscle thickness between two conditions.

The results demonstrated that intra-examiner reliability was good at rest (ICC=0.88, SEM=1surement of levator scapula can be determined reliably using ultrasound.
Frozen shoulder (FS) is one of the most common shoulder conditions characterized by pain, restricted range of motion and high morbidity. Though FS is known as adhesive capsulitis, presence of capsular adhesions has been rebutted and the nomenclature adhesive capsulitis is debated. It has been proposed that FS is a condition of cytokine driven capsular, ligamentous fibrosis and contracture. Despite extensive research on it, still it is unclear that how far the capsular contracture contribute to range of motion restriction in FS. Evidence also suggested that myofascial trigger points play a role in restricted range of motion.

To find an association between subscapularis trigger point and frozen shoulder.

Cross-sectional study.

143 Patients were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria, out of which 100 patients, were selected for the study. Manual palpation was performed to look for subscapularis muscle trigger points via axillary approach on both the affected and unaffected side. Trigger point diagnosing criteria was used to diagnose subscapularis trigger points.

Results have shown that there was an association between subscapularis trigger point and frozen shoulder (X 2=32.151P<0.0001) on the affected side. We used Phi coefficient to measure the degree of association which denotes (Phi=0.567P<0.0001) strong association between frozen shoulder and subscapularis trigger point on the affected side compared to unaffected side (X 2 9.157; P<0.002 Phi0.303 P<0.002).

This study concluded that there appears to be a strong association between subscapularis trigger point and frozen shoulder.
This study concluded that there appears to be a strong association between subscapularis trigger point and frozen shoulder.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo that mainly affects the posterior semicircular canal. Studies suggest that Epley maneuver could improve balance of patients, but Cawthorne-Cooksey vestibular exercises are still scarce. This study aimed to observe the effects of Cawthorne-Cooksey vestibular exercises applied after the Epley maneuver on balance, vertigo symptoms, and quality of life in posterior semicircular canal BPPV.

Thirty-six patients with posterior semicircular canal BPPV were randomly assigned into Epley maneuver (EpleyM) and Epley maneuver and exercise (EpleyM&Exe) groups. All patients were treated with the Epley maneuver, while Cawthorne-Cooksey vestibular exercises were given to the EpleyM&Exe group as home exercises for 6 weeks. Their static and dynamic balance, vertigo symptoms, and quality of life were assessed at pre-, post-intervention (1st, 3rd and 6th weeks).

Thirty-two patients completed the study (mean age 46.91±9.78 years). Epley maneuver applied alone and combined with Cawthorne-Cooksey vestibular exercises, was found to be effective in 25 patients (78.1%), 6 patients (18.8%) and 1 patient (3.1%) at the 1st, 3rd and 6th weeks, respectively. After 6 weeks, both groups had gained significant improvements in balance, vertigo symptoms, and quality of life (p<0.001); however, there were no significant differences between the groups, except for the static dominant leg balance test (p=0.022).

The Epley maneuver can be considered as the first option compared to Cawthorne-Cooksey vestibular exercises. Exercises do not appear to have any additional effects in improving posterior semicircular canal BPPV symptoms.
The Epley maneuver can be considered as the first option compared to Cawthorne-Cooksey vestibular exercises. Exercises do not appear to have any additional effects in improving posterior semicircular canal BPPV symptoms.
This study examined the effects of abdominal bracing maneuver (ABM) performance on stable and unstable surfaces on active forward reach (AFR) distance as a measure of trunk control, measuring changes in reach distance and muscle activation patterns.

Single-group, repeated measures design.

Twenty-eight subjects (mean age 25±5.09 years) performed an AFR with and without ABM while on stable and unstable surfaces. Lower quarter muscle activity and forward reach distances were recorded.

Forward reach distances on the unstable surface were significantly decreased compared to the stable condition with and without ABM (p<.001). The surface-by-contraction interaction was significant for the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GS). Significant main effects were found for internal oblique, external oblique, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, TA, and GS, where muscle activity significantly increased during the ABM trials. The interaction between surface and contraction was significant for the TA and GS muscles. TA (p=.007) and GS (p<.001) activity increased with ABM on the unstable surface. TA activity increased with ABM on the stable surface (TA p<.001).

Reach distances decreased on the unstable surface, but ABM did not change reaching distance. Ankle muscle co-contraction occurred during ABM trials and posterior chain activity increased. These changes suggest ABM may be beneficial during forward reaching activities.
Reach distances decreased on the unstable surface, but ABM did not change reaching distance. Ankle muscle co-contraction occurred during ABM trials and posterior chain activity increased. These changes suggest ABM may be beneficial during forward reaching activities.
Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AP24534.html