Notes

Determining Surgical Difficulty of Liver Hair transplant.
The fluorescence spectra of SKs differed substantially from those of CM a characteristic spectrum of SK has been identified in 27 of 28 SKs.

The high-accuracy differential diagnosis between CM and SK is possible with dermatofluoroscopy.
The high-accuracy differential diagnosis between CM and SK is possible with dermatofluoroscopy.
Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the leading cause of death in transplant patients who survive past the first year post-transplant. Current diagnosis is based on sustained decline in lung function; there is a need for tools that can identify CLAD onset.

Endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) can visualize structural changes in the small airways, which are of interest in CLAD progression. We aim to identify OCT features in the small airways of lung allografts that correlate with CLAD status.

Imaging was conducted with an endoscopic rotary pullback OCT catheter during routine bronchoscopy procedures (n  =  54), collecting volumetric scans of three segmental airways per patient. Six features of interest were identified, and four blinded raters scored the dataset on the presence and intensity of each feature.

Airway dilation (AD) was the only feature found to significantly (p  <  0.003) correlate with CLAD diagnosis (R  =  0.40 to 0.61). AD could also be fairly consistently scored between raters (κinter-rater  =  0.48, κintra-rater  =  0.64). There is a stronger relationship between AD and the combined obstructive and restrictive (BOS + RAS) phenotypes than the obstructive-only (BOS) phenotype for two raters (R  =  0.92  ,  0.94).

OCT examination of small AD shows potential as a diagnostic indicator for CLAD and CLAD phenotype and merits further exploration.
OCT examination of small AD shows potential as a diagnostic indicator for CLAD and CLAD phenotype and merits further exploration.
Nuclear medicine (NM) in Israel started in 1952 with the use of isotopes in medicine, using I-131 for thyroid disorders, initiated by Prof. Czerniak, founder of the profession. The first institute opened in 1954. For the first three decades, NM paved the way for novel diagnoses and treatments. An increase in the number of institutes, the introduction of specially trained physicians and paramedical teams, and recognition of NM as an independent specialty, all produced increased activity. During NM's early period, functional examinations were common such as the Schilling Test (labeled vitamin B12 absorption), or blood volume in polycythemia. These were used according to clinical demands, isotopic variety and instrumentation. Diagnosis and treatment with isotopes in NM are based on target cells, functional and molecular mechanisms, absorbing the "labeled" materials reaching targets in tumors, etc. NM always integrated "theranostic" use of the same isotope for both diagnosis and treatment (like iodine). The scad by efficient gamma cameras; they developed rapidly following dramatic changes with the introduction of technetium-99m that advanced labeling and scintigraphy methods from the early 1970s, greatly improving quality and availability of scans. Gamma cameras are the basic equipment in NM, enabling whole body tomography scans, single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). During the last two decades, new short-life, positron-emitter isotopic agents such as fluoride-F18-FDG were developed, requiring dedicated positron emission tomography (PET) cameras, followed by the development of integrated cameras with CT/MR (computed tomography (CT) magnetic resonance (MR)) hybrid imaging of two scan types in one camera SPECT/CT and PET/CT/MR. This article reviews NM's development, recognition, establishment of its professional society, and arrival at the frontier of personalized medicine, in an ongoing process.
FDG PET/CT (fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) computed tomography (CT)) imaging reflects functional-metabolic changes occurring within the malignant process in response to therapy. Since these changes usually precede anatomic alterations, this imaging technique is highly valuable in assessing response during and after therapy and is superior to CT. FDG PET/CT following initiation of cancer therapy has a prognostic value, predicting progression free survival and overall survival. In some malignancies FDG PET/CT can guide personalized medicine by tailoring therapy in accordance with the metabolic cancer response in the individual patient. In lymphoma patients, including Hodgkin's disease (HD) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), FDG PET/CT is useful for monitoring response and guiding therapy, both after and early during therapy. Various quantitative and visual criteria systems are used for assessing cancer response to therapy by FDG PET/CT. Acquaintance with these interpretatindividual patient. In lymphoma patients, including Hodgkin's disease (HD) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), FDG PET/CT is useful for monitoring response and guiding therapy, both after and early during therapy. Various quantitative and visual criteria systems are used for assessing cancer response to therapy by FDG PET/CT. Acquaintance with these interpretation methods and their adjustment to new anti-cancerous mechanisms such as in immunotherapy, is important for accurate imaging and meaningful interpretation. Large prospective meticulously performed studies, using standardized methodology, are required to further establish and expand the use of FDG PET/CT for the assessment of response to therapy in various malignancies.
Accurate evaluation of the extent of disease in patients with prostate cancer is of great importance in guiding suitable treatment at all disease stages. Conventional imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which rely on morphological criteria, are limited in assessing the real extent of prostate cancer. In recent years, molecular imaging via PET/CT using small molecules targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) protein on prostate cancer cells linked to positron emitting isotopes has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool. PSMA PET/CT, with its high sensitivity and specificity, has revolutionized the field of prostate cancer imaging. The main indications for PSMA PET/CT imaging are staging of high-risk patients and evaluation of biochemical failure. In addition, PSMA-targeting particle-emitting radioligands allow targeted therapy in patients with advanced disease, with promising results.
Accurate evaluation of the extent of disease in patients with prostate cancer is of great importance in guiding suitable treatment at all disease stages. Conventional imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which rely on morphological criteria, are limited in assessing the real extent of prostate cancer. In recent years, molecular imaging via PET/CT using small molecules targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) protein on prostate cancer cells linked to positron emitting isotopes has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool. PSMA PET/CT, with its high sensitivity and specificity, has revolutionized the field of prostate cancer imaging. The main indications for PSMA PET/CT imaging are staging of high-risk patients and evaluation of biochemical failure. In addition, PSMA-targeting particle-emitting radioligands allow targeted therapy in patients with advanced disease, with promising results.
In recent years, nuclear medicine has become a diverse and central profession that influences the diagnosis and treatment of patients with diseases from all fields of medicine. Imaging through nuclear medicine is a significant step in the process of making therapeutic decisions and evaluating patients with malignancy, infectious or inflammatory process, heart problems, neurological disorders and more. The advantages of diagnostic methods from the field of nuclear medicine arise from their non-invasiveness and from the possibility of providing functional and metabolic information at a very early stage during the course of the disease. In the last two decades, hybrid imaging devices, PET-CT (positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT)) and then SPECT-CT (single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) - computed tomography (CT)) and PET-MRI (positron emission tomography (PET)- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) have been developed. Thereby, the field has undergone a major revolution accopatients with a view on nuclear medicine in Israel.
Whole-body Positron Emission Tomography-Computerized Tomography (PET-CT) and pelvic Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging are included in developed countries in the imaging algorithm of newly diagnosed cervical cancer (CC). In recent years, the novel technology of PET-MR has been introduced in the clinical practice of tumor imaging. We present a patient with newly-diagnosed CC, who was evaluated using whole-body PET-CT and pelvic PET-MR in a single visit in our department. The role of the latter technologies in defining the anatomical, metabolic and functional data for optimal staging of CC is illustrated. We review the advantages and limitations of each of the modalities in staging the primary, nodal and distant disease, discuss the importance of accurate staging for guiding clinical management, and highlight the unique benefit of PET-MR in imaging of CC.
Whole-body Positron Emission Tomography-Computerized Tomography (PET-CT) and pelvic Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging are included in developed countries in the imaging algorithm of newly diagnosed cervical cancer (CC). In recent years, the novel technology of PET-MR has been introduced in the clinical practice of tumor imaging. We present a patient with newly-diagnosed CC, who was evaluated using whole-body PET-CT and pelvic PET-MR in a single visit in our department. The role of the latter technologies in defining the anatomical, metabolic and functional data for optimal staging of CC is illustrated. We review the advantages and limitations of each of the modalities in staging the primary, nodal and distant disease, discuss the importance of accurate staging for guiding clinical management, and highlight the unique benefit of PET-MR in imaging of CC.
Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a well-established imaging modality for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and for prognostication. In recent years, the management of heart failure has developed tremendously including implantation of defibrillators for prevention of malignant tachyarrhythmias and resynchronizing therapy for the improvement of clinical symptoms and left ventricular function. Cardiac magnetic resonance and computed tomography are imaging modalities that are negatively affected by the presence of metallic devices. MPI is a hybrid study combining computed tomography for attenuation correction and nuclear imaging. This case shows that a metal device has no effect on the interpretation of MPI.
Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a well-established imaging modality for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and for prognostication. BTK high throughput screening In recent years, the management of heart failure has developed tremendously including implantation of defibrillators for prevention of malignant tachyarrhythmias and resynchronizing therapy for the improvement of clinical symptoms and left ventricular function.
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