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6%) patients experienced immune-related AEs grade ≥3. The overall response rate was 37.2% (95% CI, 23.0%-53.5%) and the 6-month PFS rate was 46.5% (80% CI, 36.4%-55.8%;
= 0.067). Median survival time was 13.1 months (95% CI, 8.0-16.6 months) 13.8 months (95% CI, 8.0-19.5 months) in patients with CPS ≥ 1 and 8.0 months (95% CI, 4.8-24.1 months) in patients with CPS < 1.

Nivolumab with paclitaxel plus ramucirumab demonstrated promising antitumor activity with manageable toxicities as second-line treatment for AGC.
Nivolumab with paclitaxel plus ramucirumab demonstrated promising antitumor activity with manageable toxicities as second-line treatment for AGC.
To survey and explore current approaches to deployment of pharmaceutical care prioritisation tools in acute hospitals in the UK.

A national online survey was circulated electronically to chief pharmacists of hospitals to determine if they use a prioritisation tool or process. Where such mechanisms exist, respondents were invited to participate in a semistructured telephone interview to explore the development, evaluation and application of their tool and share relevant documentation. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed.

Seventy hospitals (70/130) used a tool or process to prioritise clinical pharmacy services. Thirty-six interviews were conducted, and two were excluded. The majority of tools had been developed in-house. Few hospitals had undertaken formal evaluations of their prioritisation tool. Pharmacy prioritisation tools ranged in complexity and often included a combination of pharmacy service prioritisation, such as medicines reconciliation, and a section to assign an individual seen to be useful for prioritising workload and ensuring the right patients are seen at the right time. As few hospitals had formally evaluated their tools, it is important to rigorously and systematically develop an evidence-based prioritisation tool that is both useable and acceptable. Further research to evaluate such tools would be needed to ensure it improves patient health outcomes and efficiency in pharmacy services.Orlando has the second highest HIV incidence in the USA. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine is approved as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to minimize HIV transmission. DX3-213B manufacturer Our study describes the PrEP care continuum and factors impacting PrEP persistence during the first year of PrEP care at a sexual health clinic in Orlando. Patients initiating PrEP between 2014 and 2017 with at least 1 year of follow-up were eligible for inclusion. Demographic and clinical factors were extracted from medical records. At the end of the first year of PrEP care, patients seen within the last 6 months were defined as 'persistent' whereas patients lost to follow-up for ≥6 months were defined as 'not persistent'. We evaluated factors associated with PrEP persistence with Firth's multivariable logistic regression. Of 300 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 96% were male, 59% were ≥30 years old, 59% identified as men who have sex with men and 57% endorsed recent condomless anal intercourse. Of PrEP initiators, 133 (44.3%) were persistent in the first year, whereas 167 (55.7%) were not persistent. PrEP persistence was positively associated with age ≥30 years (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.08) and negatively associated with non-white race (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.83). There were no HIV seroconversions among persistent patients. In our study, younger and minority patients were less likely to persist in PrEP care and persistence was poor despite many being insured and 'high-risk'. Further research is needed to identify and address barriers that hinder PrEP persistence, specifically among younger, minority patients.Copper is an essential transition metal for all eukaryotes. In mammals, intestinal copper absorption is mediated by the ATP7A copper transporter, whereas copper excretion occurs predominatly through the biliary route and is mediated by the paralog ATP7B. Both transporters have been shown to be actively recycled between the endosomal network and the plasma membrane by a molecular machinery known as the COMMD/CCDC22/CCDC93 or CCC complex. In fact, mutations in COMMD1 can lead to impaired biliary copper excretion and liver pathology in dogs and mice with liver-specific Commd1 deficiency recapitulating aspects of this phenotype as well. Nonetheless, the role of the CCC complex in intestinal copper absorption in vivo has not been studied, and the potential redundancy of various COMMD family members has not been tested. In this study, we examined copper homeostasis in enterocyte-specific and hepatocyte-specific Commd-deficient mice. We find that in contrast to effects in cell lines in culture, COMMD protein deficiency induces minimal changes in ATP7A in enterocytes and does not lead to altered copper levels under low or high copper diets, suggesting that regulation of ATP7A in enterocytes is not of physiologic consequence. In contrast, deficiency of any of 3 Commd genes (Commd1, 6, and 9) all result in hepatic copper accumulation under high copper diets. We find that each of these deficiencies cause destabilization of the entire CCC complex, and suggest that this might explain their shared phenotype. Overall, we conclude that the CCC complex plays an important role in ATP7B endosomal recycling and function.In animal models of cancer, oncologic imaging has evolved from a simple assessment of tumor location and size to sophisticated multimodality exploration of molecular, physiologic, genetic, immunologic, and biochemical events at microscopic to macroscopic levels, performed noninvasively and sometimes in real time. Here, we briefly review animal imaging technology and molecular imaging probes together with selected applications from recent literature. Fast and sensitive optical imaging is primarily used to track luciferase-expressing tumor cells, image molecular targets with fluorescence probes, and to report on metabolic and physiologic phenotypes using smart switchable luminescent probes. MicroPET/single-photon emission CT have proven to be two of the most translational modalities for molecular and metabolic imaging of cancers immuno-PET is a promising and rapidly evolving area of imaging research. Sophisticated MRI techniques provide high-resolution images of small metastases, tumor inflammation, perfusion, oxygenation, and acidity.
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