Notes

Solution transformation routine involving SCC-Ag ranges in between pre- and post-chemoradiotherapy states repeat along with metastasis inside cervical cancer malignancy: the multi-institutional investigation.
In this perspective, we discuss the importance of developing a vaccine to help curb transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The question remains Once a safe and effective vaccine is developed, will the public be willing to get it? We present information from one of the first tracking polls to assess public attitudes and perceptions toward a possible coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine that suggests public hesitancy over a potential vaccine, concern regarding accelerating clinical trials, and unease over the vaccine approval process. click here Public health experts, government officials, advocates, and others in the scientific community should respect the signals of hesitancy and communicate sensitivity, applying lessons not only to how we message, but also in how we build this urgently needed vaccine if we are to have successful uptake once available.
The COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2) pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to the health care system and education models. The reduction in case volume, transition to remote learning, lack of sports coverage opportunities, and decreased clinical interactions have had an immediate effect on orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship programs.

Our purpose was to gauge the response to the pandemic from a sports medicine fellowship education perspective. We hypothesized that (1) the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant change in training programs, (2) in-person surgical skills training and didactic learning would be substituted with virtual learning, and (3) hands-on surgical training and case numbers would decrease and the percentage of fellows graduating with skill levels commensurate with graduation would decrease.

Cross-sectional study.

In May 2020, a survey was sent to the fellowship directors of all 90 orthopaedic sports medicine fellowships accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medica laboratories (n = 10; 27%) and industry courses (n = 6; 16%).

Virtual didactic and surgical education and training as well as telehealth will play a larger role in the coming year than in the past. There are effects to fellows' exposure to sports coverage and employment opportunities. The biggest challenge will be how to maintain the element of human interaction and connect with patients and trainees at a time when social distancing is needed to curb the spread of COVID-19.
Virtual didactic and surgical education and training as well as telehealth will play a larger role in the coming year than in the past. There are effects to fellows' exposure to sports coverage and employment opportunities. The biggest challenge will be how to maintain the element of human interaction and connect with patients and trainees at a time when social distancing is needed to curb the spread of COVID-19.
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation is evaluated using the radiologically based Rockwood classification. The relationship between ligamentous injury and radiological assessment is still controversial.

To investigate how the AC ligament and trapezoid ligament biomechanically contribute to the stability of the AC joint using cadaveric specimens. The hypothesis was that isolated sectioning of the AC ligament would result in increased instability in the superior direction and that displacement >50% of the AC joint would occur.

Controlled laboratory study.

Six shoulders from 6 fresh-frozen cadavers were used in this study. Both the scapula and sternum were solidly fixed on a customized wooden jig with an external fixator. We simulated distal clavicular dislocation with sequential sectioning of the AC and coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments. Sectioning stages were defined as follows stage 0, the AC ligament, CC ligament, and AC joint capsule were left intact; stage 1, the anteroinferior bundle of the ACAC joint.
The AC ligament plays an important role not only in horizontal stability but also in vertical stability of the AC joint.
Athletes in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) and National Basketball Association (NBA) are subject to high injury rates given the physical demands of the sport. Comprehensive data regarding injury patterns and rates in these athletes are limited.

To summarize available data on orthopaedic and sports medicine-related injuries through 2020 in professional female and male basketball players.

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

A search was conducted using PubMed and Embase through April 5, 2020, to identify injury studies regarding WNBA and NBA players. Studies were included if the injury or surgery was considered a direct consequence of game play including musculoskeletal/orthopaedic, concussion, ophthalmologic, and craniomaxillofacial injuries. Systematic reviews, screening studies, or studies without sufficient WNBA or NBA player subgroup analysis were excluded.

A total of 49 studies met inclusion criteria, 43 (87.8%) of which detailed musculoskeletal injuries. The lower extreBA and WNBA athletes is on the lower extremity. The injuries that had the greatest effect on return to play and performance were Achilles tendon ruptures and knee cartilage injuries treated using microfracture. The reported outcomes are limited by heterogeneity and overlapping injury studies. There are limited available data on WNBA injuries specifically.
The occurrence of rapid chondrolysis after partial lateral meniscectomy is rare. The pathophysiology, risk factors, and outcomes of treatment have not been established.

The primary aim of this study was to perform a scoping review of the literature to determine the potential risk factors and pathogenesis of rapid chondrolysis. The secondary objective was to report outcomes of treatment.

Systematic (scoping) review.

A scoping review of the literature was conducted in accordance with the framework of Arksey and O'Malley. A search strategy based on the terms "chondrolysis" AND "knee," "chondrolysis" AND "meniscus," and "chondral damage" AND "lateral meniscus" was applied to the PubMed database on March 31, 2020. All relevant studies were included. Patient demographics and clinical data were extracted from these studies and analyzed in order to investigate the potential risk factors, pathogenesis, and outcomes of treatment for rapid chondrolysis.

Five articles (22 cases) featuring rapid chondrolysis in chondrolysis seems to relate to mechanical focal cartilage overload.
Rapid chondrolysis after partial lateral meniscectomy is a rare condition that typically occurs within 12 months of the index procedure. Younger age, male sex, high-intensity sports participation, and some meniscal tear patterns (eg, radial tear) are potentially important risk factors. Return-to-sport rates at short-term follow up are high, but no long-term studies were identified. The pathogenesis of rapid chondrolysis seems to relate to mechanical focal cartilage overload.
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is an increasingly popular technique for the treatment of articular cartilage defects. Because several companies have financial interests in ACI, it is important to consider possible conflicts of interest when evaluating studies reporting outcomes of ACI.

To determine whether there is an association between authors' financial conflicts of interest and the outcomes of ACI studies.

Cross-sectional study.

A search of PubMed and MEDLINE databases for "autologous chondrocyte implantation" was performed. Clinical studies published after 2012 through May 15, 2019,and in English were included. Studies were determined to have financial conflicts of interest if any contributing author had relevant conflicts, either self-reported in the published study's disclosures section or reported online in the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Disclosure database or the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments database. The outcomes of each study were rated was a trend toward more favorable outcomes in studies with conflicts of interest. Additionally, nearly 20% of publications had possible conflicts found online that were not self-reported. It is critical for orthopaedic surgeons to judiciously evaluate published studies and consider financial conflicts of interest before performing ACI techniques on patients.
Favorable results were reported in a majority of studies involving ACI. No statistical association was found between the frequency of favorable outcomes and the presence of financial conflicts of interest, country of authorship, or level of evidence. There was a trend toward more favorable outcomes in studies with conflicts of interest. Additionally, nearly 20% of publications had possible conflicts found online that were not self-reported. It is critical for orthopaedic surgeons to judiciously evaluate published studies and consider financial conflicts of interest before performing ACI techniques on patients.
There is limited literature regarding outcomes after operative treatment of displaced medial epicondyle avulsion fractures in adolescent athletes. Most studies have had a relatively small sample size and have not assessed return to play of the overhead athlete.

To examine return to play and outcomes of youth overhead athletes who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with screw fixation.

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Charts and radiographs were queried between January 2003 and June 2018 for young overhead athletes (age, <17 years) who underwent ORIF for displaced medial epicondyle fracture. Patients with open fracture or concomitant injury were excluded. Radiographs from postoperative follow-up visits were examined for radiographic union. Eligible patients were asked to provide responses to the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Assessment Elbow questionnaire and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic questionnaires as well as questions regarding return to play.

Overalstruction after primary ORIF of the medial epicondyle.

ORIF of displaced medial epicondyle fractures is a reliable and successful procedure in adolescent overhead athletes with high demands, with relatively low risk of major complications, reinjury, or reoperation.
ORIF of displaced medial epicondyle fractures is a reliable and successful procedure in adolescent overhead athletes with high demands, with relatively low risk of major complications, reinjury, or reoperation.
The concept of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) has become widely accepted, gaining increased attention in recent years and resulting in many research achievements in this field.

The aim of this study was to determine which original articles on ACLR have been most influential in this field by identifying and analyzing the characteristics of the 100 most cited articles.

Cross-sectional study.

Articles on ACLR were identified via the Thomson ISI Web of Science database on November 30, 2019. The 100 most cited articles were identified based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data extracted from each article for the subsequent analysis included title, date of publication, total citations, average citations per year (ACY), journal name, first author, institutions, themes, level of evidence, and keywords.

The total number of citations was 29,629. The date of publication ranged from 1975 to 2015. A majority of the articles originated from the United States (58%) and were published in the 1990s (32%) and 2000s (48%).
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