Notes

Discovering antiobesity-related high blood pressure objectives along with components associated with metformin, a great antidiabetic medication.
Visually impaired patients are at a higher risk of developing periodontal disease because of greater difficulty in attaining good oral hygiene. This study aims to assess and compare the oral hygiene status of visually impaired students before and after oral health education interventions using special customized methods.

The present study was a randomized control trial of 180 visually impaired students divided into three groups. Each group includes 60 students selected randomly from blind school. Oral health education was given using Braille in Group 1, Audio Tactile performance (ATP) technique in Group 2, and a combination of Braille and ATP technique in Group 3. Plaque index (PI) scores and gingival index (GI) scores were calculated and evaluated at baseline and after 3 months. Intergroup comparison and intragroup comparison of PI and GI at baseline and 3 months was by using one way ANOVA and Paired t test, respectively.

There was a highly significant difference seen for the intergroup comparison of post PI (
< 0.01) and post GI (
< 0.01) with least mean in Group 3. There was a statistically highly significant difference seen for the intra group comparison of pre and post PI and GI (
< 0.01) with lesser means in post as compared to pre in all three groups.

Visually impaired children could maintain an acceptable level of oral hygiene when taught using combination of Braille and ATP technique.
Visually impaired children could maintain an acceptable level of oral hygiene when taught using combination of Braille and ATP technique.
Medical records are important documents that should be stored for at least 3 years after the commencement of the treatment of an adult patient in India. In a health care facility, patients' data is saved in an online or offline retrieval system. However, in the case of the primary care physician, the data is not commonly kept in an easily retrievable system.

To test the feasibility of using a set of free web-based services in digitization, preservation, and retrieval of prescription on a smartphone by primary care physicians.

This study was conducted with 12 primary care physicians. They were provided hands-on guides on creating an online form for uploading a prescription and using an application for retrieval of the prescription on a smartphone. Their feedback on the training material was collected by a telephonic survey, which had a 10-point Likert-type response option. Then, an in-depth interview was conducted to ascertain their perception on the tutorial and the process of digitization and retrieval system.

All of the participants were able to create an online form on their smartphone. They uploaded their prescription and associated data and were able to retrieve it. The physicians opined positively on the "cost of the system," "portability" on a smartphone and ease of the "tutorial". They opined negatively on the "limited storage," chances of "loss of data," and "time constraints" for entry of the patients' data.

Free web-based and smartphone applications can be used by a primary care physician for personal storage and retrieval of prescriptions. The simple tutorial presented in this article would help many primary care physicians in resource-limited settings.
Free web-based and smartphone applications can be used by a primary care physician for personal storage and retrieval of prescriptions. The simple tutorial presented in this article would help many primary care physicians in resource-limited settings.
In India, despite implementation of the strategies under National Tobacco Control Programme [NTCP], women are easily exposed to tobacco consumption that is smokeless (SLT) and smoking tobacco along with second-hand smoke [SHS], making them highly susceptible to tobacco hazards.

This study aimed to assess the exposure of women to tobacco use and SHS at home and to elicit predictors of tobacco exposure in a rural community of West Bengal.

A community based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 176 women aged 18 years and above. Data was collected by cluster sampling technique (16*11) using predesigned pretested structured schedule. Tobacco exposure was measured using a composite score including tobacco consumption and SHS at home.

Tobacco use (SLT and smoking tobacco) was significantly associated with educational attainment [AOR = 2.12], occupation [AOR = 2.13] and knowledge [AOR = 1.22]. There was significant association between SHS at home with knowledge [AOR = 1.16] and attitude of the study subjects. [AOR = 1.93]. Overall tobacco exposure (SLT, smoking tobacco, and SHS), was found to be 79.5%. Significant association was found between high tobacco exposure with age group [AOR = 3.82], educational attainment [AOR = 1.74] and knowledge regarding hazards of tobacco [AOR = 1.31].

Prevalence of SLT use as well as exposure of women to SHS at home is unexpectedly high in the study population. Women specific information and education campaigns focusing on tobacco hazards (both tobacco use and SHS) through existing primary health care infrastructure should be strategized under NTCP.
Prevalence of SLT use as well as exposure of women to SHS at home is unexpectedly high in the study population. Women specific information and education campaigns focusing on tobacco hazards (both tobacco use and SHS) through existing primary health care infrastructure should be strategized under NTCP.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease, having multifactorial etiology affecting mainly the articular cartilage. Knee OA with its physical symptoms affects daily activities thereby deteriorating the quality of life. Most of the patients delay their visit to health sectors for seeking medical care in musculoskeletal conditions.

To find the prevalence and determinants of osteoarthritis among the adult population in the rural area and to assess their health-seeking behavior.

A community-based, cross-sectional study.

A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 232 adults living in a rural area in village Kirpind of R.S. Pura block, Jammu. Knee OA was diagnosed using the clinical criteria laid down by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR).

Descriptive statistics, OR with 95% CI, and Chi-square test were used for the purpose of analysis.

The overall prevalence of knee osteoarthritis was 35.7% (females 44.5% Males 23.1%). read more Age more than 60 years, female gender, history of trauma, BMI >30 were found to be significantly associated with higher odds of OA knee (
< 0.05). Descriptive statistics, OR with 95% CI and Chi-square test were used for the purpose of analysis.

Strategies focusing on creating awareness among the rural elderly regarding the role of a balanced diet, exercise, and weight management along sensitization of primary health care providers concerning benefits of early screening, diagnosis, and referral should be undertaken to minimize this burden.
Strategies focusing on creating awareness among the rural elderly regarding the role of a balanced diet, exercise, and weight management along sensitization of primary health care providers concerning benefits of early screening, diagnosis, and referral should be undertaken to minimize this burden.
Associations between age at menarche and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are well established in adults. But little is known about these risks in adolescents.

To examine the association between age at menarche and anthropometric indicators, and also examine nutrition among the rural adolescent girls of KONKAN region.

We investigated 1,071 school going adolescent girls who underwent holistic education and various clinical investigations as a part of community program. Age at menarche was recorded and anthropometric measurements were performed. Macronutrient intake was estimated by 24 h recall.

We used trend statistics and logistic regression to examine the association.

A total of 813 girls had attained menarche. Mean age at menarche was 13.0 years. When compared with premenarchal girls anthropometric parameters were significantly higher in postmenarchal girls (
< 0.05 for all) and the prevalence of stunting and thinness was lower (
< 0.001 for both). There was a decreasing trend for weight (
< 0.001), BMI (
< 0.001), and waist circumference (
< 0.05) with increasing age of onset of menarche, and increasing trend for stunting and thinness (
< 0.001 for both). More than 65% of the girls were eating below the recommended daily allowance of calories, protein, and fat. Adolescents with late onset of menarche had increased likelihood of stunting (
< 0.01) and thinness (
< 0.001).

Adolescent girls in the KONKAN region with late menarche are thin and stunted. There is an urgent need to improve nutritional status of adolescent girls from KONKAN as malnutrition can affect the onset of menarche.
Adolescent girls in the KONKAN region with late menarche are thin and stunted. There is an urgent need to improve nutritional status of adolescent girls from KONKAN as malnutrition can affect the onset of menarche.
To assess the prevalence of tobacco consumption among the ESI-insured patients. The study also assessed the knowledge, practice, and attitude among industrial workers as well as nicotine dependence with different forms of tobacco products consumed.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among industrial workers from various industries (small and large scale) insured under the employee state insurance corporation scheme. The study was conducted for 3 months included 500 workers of which 470 were males and 30 were females. A predesigned, pretested, and structured interviewed administered questionnaire was used to collect the data on sociodemographic factors, reasons for tobacco consumed, and level of dependencies among industrial workers. Questionnaire also included questions related to awareness regarding health hazards and lesion present in the oral cavity as a result of tobacco consumption. Fegarstrom scale was used to access nicotine dependency level. A Hindi translated version of Fegarstrom test for Nicotine dependence in the questionnaire was used which included six standard questions for both smokeless and smoked form.

Majority of both males and females consumed tobacco in smokeless (58.8%) form. Out of which 92.85% in males and 7.15% in females followed by the smoke (28.8%) form. 93.04% in males and (7%) in females (79.86%) of the tobacco users in our study were aware that consuming tobacco causes health related problems. 38.6% of the users have moderate dependency in both smoke and smokeless form. Seventy six percent of the consumers feel that they didn't have any changes in the mouth by consuming tobacco and thus never thought of quitting tobacco.

Tobacco consumption among the ESI-insured patients is high. Execution of tobacco cessation programs are required to curb this trend.
Tobacco consumption among the ESI-insured patients is high. Execution of tobacco cessation programs are required to curb this trend.
Vast first MBBS course has been posing great problems for a fresh entrant in medical college. A student is merely 18-19 years when he gains entry to a medical college in India. Multiple problems pile up for him at the very onset of his academic year in Department of Anatomy. The present study aimed to identify various stress factors and further assess the effect of counselling/mentorship programme on solving such issues.

A pre-validated, predesigned questionnaire was administered to hundred first year medical students. They were individually counselled with various faculty persons. Based on the questionnaire given, the results were analysed.

45% of the students were sure that their language problem was solved after the session. 48% students accepted that they did have some adjustment problems, which were solved then. 30% expressed that some of their personal problems were also solved. 54% were now able to manage their time judiciously. 64% opined that counselling helped to plan their studies well. 52% students admitted that counselling improved their performance in theory.
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