Notes

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The highest Δt-value (4.57 ± 0.11 °C) was measured in Group-4 and 7. The lowest Δt-value (3.94 ± 0.4 °C) was measured in Group-8. Δt-values measured in the Groups 2, 3 and 6 were significantly lower than the values measured in Group-4 and 7 (p = 0.001). ITI during the light-curing of the PCM used in Group-3 and 6 exceeded the critical value (5.5 °C) reported in the literature.

In protecting the pulp from the harmful thermal effects of restorative procedures Biodentine which is a self-cured material, may be most acceptable choice as an indirect PCM.
In protecting the pulp from the harmful thermal effects of restorative procedures Biodentine which is a self-cured material, may be most acceptable choice as an indirect PCM.
Extraction of impacted mandibular third molar (MTM) is one of the most common procedures in clinical dental treatment; building a decision tree to perform MTM extraction can be prudent in alleviating periodontal diseases. This study is to review the latest research on the management of periodontal osseous defect (POD) after MTM extraction and rebuild a new clinical decision tree.

Current study was conducted according to PRISMA statement. Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched concerning treatment of MTM extraction up to Oct.2019. Three focused questions revolving around asymptomatic versus disease site, age, and necessity of ridge preservation after >6 months follow up will be answered.

A total of 7 studies were included for meta-analysis. Evidences were inadequate in regards to asymptomatic vs disease site of MTM extraction in the long-term follow-up. For patients with age <25 years, postoperative probing depth (PD) always remained at < 4 mm. However, for patients with age >25 years with initial PD > 7 mm, residual pockets still remained at 5 mm. For ridge preservation, significant positive effect in reduction of second molar distal site PD was observed, regardless of different biomaterials being placed (z = 4.69,
 < 0.00001).

Age is of utmost importance in preoperative evaluation during impacted MTM extraction. The timing for ridge preservation is essential determinant for achieving optimal treatment outcome. The clinical decision tree as proposed could serve as guidance when dealing with POD after impacted MTM extraction.
Age is of utmost importance in preoperative evaluation during impacted MTM extraction. The timing for ridge preservation is essential determinant for achieving optimal treatment outcome. The clinical decision tree as proposed could serve as guidance when dealing with POD after impacted MTM extraction.
Dental students are exposed to highly stressful environments, making them high-risk for burnout and depression. This study intended to investigate the burnout and depression level in senior dental students in Korea.

We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire study among third- and fourth-year dental students enrolled at Seoul National University. Demographic data, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), dental education satisfaction, and counseling needs were measured. Statistical analyses included intergroup comparison of MBI subscales (emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA)) to identify the risk factors for burnout. Correlation analyses between MBI subscales and PHQ-9 were also conducted.

Among 112 students included in the study, 44.6% had high EE, 36.6% showed high DP, and 51.8% had low PA. There were 20 (17.9%) students who satisfied burnout criteria on all three subscales. There were 19 (17.0%) students with PHQ-9 scores .
The rapid maxillary expansion is accepted as the gold standard for the treatment of unilateral posterior crossbite in growing children. This study used cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the effects of a modified asymmetric rapid maxillary expansion (ARME) appliance on the upper airway volumes.

A modified ARME appliance was used on 12 adolescent male patients (mean age 13.92 ± 0.82 years) with a class I skeletal relationship and posterior unilateral crossbite. Lateral cephalometric measurements and upper airway volume were evaluated using CBCT images. The posterior airway volumes of the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways were measured.

Cephalometric measurements showed significant (P < 0.05) posterior rotation of the mandible. There was no significant movement of the maxilla according to the cranial base on the sagittal plane. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airway volumes increased significantly (P < 0.05).

The results of this study demonstrate that treatment with the modified ARME has no significant effect on the maxilla but may increase the upper airway volume.
The results of this study demonstrate that treatment with the modified ARME has no significant effect on the maxilla but may increase the upper airway volume.
Understanding of the three-dimensional airway space in three skeletal patterns is important in orthodontic treatment. This study investigated differences between the volume of pharyngeal airway sections and the smallest cross-sectional area in three skeletal patterns by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

The 90 patients were collected to measure total pharyngeal airway volume (TP), velopharyngeal airway volume (VP), glossopharyngeal airway volume (GP), oropharyngeal airway volume (OP), hypopharyngeal airway volume (HP), and the smallest cross-sectional areas (SCA) of the upper respiratory tract as well as other relevant anatomical structures. The mean values differences between classes were analyzed using ANOVA. Pearson's test was used to compare classes in terms of the correlations between different factors.

Patients in skeletal classes I and III exhibited significantly higher SCA values (322.6 mm
and 344.5 mm
respectively) than those in skeletal class II (240.8 mm
). Subjects from skeletal classes I and III exhibited significantly higher values of VP, HP, and OP than those in skeletal class II. Skeletal classes I and III exhibited significantly higher TP values (31190.1 mm
and 30696.2 mm
, respectively) than those in skeletal class II (22386.0 mm
). Selleckchem ERK inhibitor Non-significant relationships were discovered between pharyngeal airway and skeletal pattern. Conversely, significant relationships were found between TP and gender, ANB, SNB, hyoid and pogonion positions.

The skeletal class II has smaller airway volume than those in skeletal class I and III. The pharyngeal airway volumes could serve as a guide in differentiating the different skeletal classes in clinical settings.
The skeletal class II has smaller airway volume than those in skeletal class I and III. The pharyngeal airway volumes could serve as a guide in differentiating the different skeletal classes in clinical settings.
Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/erk.html