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Difficulties Along with Creating Protected Cellular Health Software: Systematic Review.
Research in metacognition suggests that the information people use to predict their memory performance can vary depending on the contexts in which they make their predictions. For example, if people judge their memories after a delay from initial encoding, they may be more likely to use retrieved information about the past encoding experience than if they judged memories immediately after encoding. Although this seems intuitive, past behavioral and neuroimaging work has not tested whether delayed memory judgments are more strongly coupled with information about past experiences than immediate memory judgments. We scanned participants using functional MRI while they encoded paired associates and made predictions about their future memory performance either immediately after encoding or after a delay. Consistent with the hypothesis that people use retrieved information about past experiences to inform delayed memory judgments, our results showed that activation patterns associated with past experience were more strongly coupled with delayed memory judgments than with immediate ones.Background Emerging research on suicidal behaviors among adolescents in Ghana has been conducted mainly among senior high school students. Aims We aimed to estimate the 12-month prevalence of suicide attempts and describe some of the general and gender-specific associated factors among adolescents attending junior high schools (JHSs) in Ghana. Method We analyzed data from the 2012 Ghana Global School-Based Student Health Survey. The sample consisted of 1,437 adolescents aged 12-17 years. We performed bivariate and multivariable analyses to assess the associations between 12-month suicide attempts and some psychosocial factors. Results The overall 12-month prevalence estimate of suicide attempts was 27.6%, with comparable estimates between males (26.4%) and females (28.8%). In the final adjusted multivariable models, bullying victimization (AOR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.53, 4.31), alcohol use (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.10, 3.41), and having no close friends (AOR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.17, 0.75) were associated with increased odds of suicide attempts among males, whereas anxiety (AOR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.54, 4.29) and being sexually active (AOR = 2.42; 95% CI = 1.25, 4.68) were associated with increased odds of suicide attempts in females. Limitations The correlational nature of this study did not allow for causal inferences. Conclusion The study underscores adolescent suicide attempts as a public health concern in Ghana.Background The rate of suicide among men aged 85 years or older is the highest of any age or gender group in many countries, but little is known about their pathways to suicide. Aims This study aimed to determine the context of suicide by men aged 85 years or older. Method Data were extracted from the Victorian Suicide Register regarding suicide deaths between 2009 and 2015. Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare old men (65-84 years old) and older men (85 years or more), and old women and old men (both 65 years or more). Results The context of suicide by older men differed significantly from that of old men, as did that of old men compared with old women, on variables related to suicidal behavior and intention, mental illness, mental health treatment, and life stressors. Limitations The study is limited by the small numbers of deaths by suicide in this age group in Victoria. Conclusion The context of suicide by older and old men is different from that of old men and old women, respectively. More research is needed to understand the pathways to suicide by older men.Background Australia's Mindframe guidelines provide media professionals with advice on ways to safely report on suicide. Aims We aimed to examine the extent to which Australian newspaper articles on Robin Williams' suicide conformed to the Mindframe recommendations. Method We searched Factiva for relevant articles appearing in Australian newspapers during the 5 months following Williams' death on August 11, 2014. We retrieved the text of these articles from Factiva and, wherever possible, sourced scanned copies from the National Library of Australia. Trained coders rated the articles for quality, using a 10-item coding framework derived from the Mindframe guidelines. Results Our search yielded 303 articles. In general, there were high levels of adherence to the Mindframe guidelines, with 67% of articles adhering to at least eight (80%) of the Mindframe guidelines. Limitations We may have missed some articles and the coders' task involved some subjective judgments. Conclusion Australian newspaper reporting of Robin Williams' suicide was largely consistent with the Mindframe guidelines. In particular, there was good adherence to recommendations designed to minimize the risk of imitative acts, which is positive. The poorer performance of articles in terms of recommendations to do with public education about suicide may be a missed opportunity.Background Research has found varying adherence by media professionals to recommendations for reporting on suicide. Aims We compared adherence to recommendations for what to do and what not to do when reporting on suicide in initial reports of high-profile celebrity suicides in major media outlets. Method A total of 100 articles published in news outlets during 2004-2018 and reporting on celebrity suicides were examined for adherence to reporting guidelines using content analysis. Results Articles frequently adhered to guidelines for what not to do when reporting on suicide (83%), but rarely adhered to guidelines for what to do (26%). Limitations This study was a single cross-sectional analysis and may not generalize to different outlets, guidelines, or countries. Conclusion While news articles frequently do not include harmful information, they also do not include potentially protective content.Background With an average suicide rate of 20 per 100,000 in the last decade, Slovenia is above the EU average. There are considerable regional differences in suicide mortality within the country. Aim We aimed to investigate the relationship between selected indicators at area level and the suicide rate in Slovenian municipalities. Method Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and (mental) health data in the years 2012-2016 were analyzed for 212 municipalities. Robust correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between different variables and the suicide rate. Results The suicide rate was positively associated with the percentage of male inhabitants, the high social cohesion in the neighborhood, and the number of sick leave days per capita. It was negatively related to the net income per capita, the marriage rate, the divorce rate, and the availability of professional mental healthcare services. Limitations The small suicide frequencies within municipalities constitute a limitation of the study. Conclusion Factors at local, municipal level can be linked to the risk of suicide. In Slovenia, neighborhood cohesion is one of the factors that should be considered when designing suicide prevention measures in a community.Background China accounts for 15% of the global suicide death toll, yet suicide research efforts in the country are not well known by international colleagues. Aims We aimed to outline the development of suicide research in China, appraise research findings, and identify key contributors. Method English and Chinese research publication databases were systematically searched and relevant papers were reviewed. Chinese and English publications were compared. Results There are almost 10 times more Chinese publications than English ones. The research focuses of and key contributors to the Chinese and English literature exhibit more differences than commonalities. The field experienced rapid expansion in the new millennium with more and higher quality publications and more funding support. Psychosocial-oriented perspectives guided most of the papers. Poisoning by pesticide as a suicide method and youth as a subpopulation group received the most research attention. Limitations The scoping review does not provide in-depth syntheses on specific topics and does not include more recent publications. Conclusion Research on suicide in China has been actively carried out during the 30-year period we reviewed, which might have contributed to suicide prevention in China. Research gaps identified by the review should be addressed to sustain the achievements.Background Suicide prevention public service announcements (PSAs) help to disseminate information about suicide and help-seeking options. However, little is known about how individuals at risk for suicide recall PSAs. Aims The current project assessed which features of suicide prevention PSAs are recalled by young adult participants and whether there are differences between those who are at low or high risk for suicide. Method Participants (N = 140) viewed a simulated suicide prevention billboard that consisted of a main message, help-seeking message, and graphical features. Participants provided written recollections of the billboard features approximately 15 min post-viewing, which were coded and analyzed. Results High-risk participants were significantly less likely than low-risk participants to include a description of the help-seeking message in their written recall. Few group differences were noted in the recall of the main message or graphical features. Limitations Recall was limited to short-term recall based on a single exposure. Efforts to enhance internal validity (e.g., measurement of suicide risk) and external validity (e.g., a balanced sample regarding sex and race) are recommended. Conclusions Results suggest that new tactics may need to be considered when developing suicide prevention messages, including crafting help-seeking messages that are more easily committed to memory for target audiences.Background Crisis support services play an important role in providing free, immediate access to support people in the community experiencing a personal crisis. Recently, services have expanded from telephone to digital modalities including online chat and text message services. This raises the question of what outcomes are being achieved for increasingly diverse service users across different modalities. Aims This systematic review aimed to determine the expectations and outcomes of users of crisis support services across three modalities (telephone, online chat, and text message/SMS). Method Online databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Psychological and Behavioural Sciences Collection) and gray literature were searched for studies measuring expectations and outcomes of crisis support services. Results A total of 31 studies were included in the review, the majority of which were telephone-based. Similar expectations were found for telephone and online chat modalities, as well as consistently positive outcomes, measured by changes in emotional state, satisfaction, and referral plans. Limitations/Conclusion There is a paucity of consistent outcome measures across and within modalities and limited research about users of text message/SMS services.
To investigate the neuropsychological features of depressed patients reporting high level of psychological pain.

Sixty-two inpatients were included and divided into two groups according to the level of psychological pain assessed by a Likert scale. Cognitive abilities were assessed using the Trail Making Test, the Stroop test, and Verbal Fluency Test (semantic and phonemic verbal fluency). Eprosartan Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine neuropsychological factors associated with a high level of psychological pain.

The median level of psychological pain was 8/10. High level of psychological pain was associated with poor phonemic verbal fluency performance in men (
 = 0.009), but not in women, even after controlling for confounding factors (age, level of depression, anxiety). Groups did not differ on the Trail Making Test, the Stroop test, or the semantic verbal fluency measure.

Psychological pain is a specific clinical entity that should be considered to be more significant than just a symptom of depression.
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