Notes

Enzymatic hydrolysis regarding non-animal protein with regard to enhancing healthy along with physical qualities associated with food.
Trunk stability has been identified as an important prerequisite of functional movement.

To investigate the effectiveness of core muscle contraction training on abdominal muscle thickness, balance, and gait ability in stroke patients.

Thirty patients with stroke were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. All groups received conventional therapeutic exercise program for six weeks. The experimental groups additionally trained trunk stability exercise with abdominal hollowing or bracing maneuvers within training time. Primary outcome measures were evaluated abdominal muscle thickness using the sonography. Secondary outcome measures were evaluated by the Functional Reach Test (FRT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), 10-meter walk test (10MWT), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG).

Compared with the control group, the effect of trunk stability training for the experimental groups on the abdominal muscles thickness change was observed (p < 0.05). The values in balance and gait measures, BBS, FRT, 10MWT, and TUG, showed significant improvement after the intervention periods (p < 0.05), although no significant differences were found in scores of gait and balance scales among groups.

Trunk stability training with selective abdominal muscles activation has beneficial effects on abdominal muscles, balance, and mobility in stroke patients. Our findings might provide support for introducing stroke rehabilitation.
Trunk stability training with selective abdominal muscles activation has beneficial effects on abdominal muscles, balance, and mobility in stroke patients. Our findings might provide support for introducing stroke rehabilitation.
BEITI is a comprehensive test of a wide range of basic and extended daily functioning. It was developed for physiotherapists in the community to enable increased sensitivity in detecting changes in the functioning of patients with different diagnoses. BEITI was found to be valid, reliable and valuable in terms of the time and effort involved. Its clinical properties as a measurement in inpatients with brain lesions is yet to be determined.

To translate BEITI from Hebrew into English, and explore its psychometric properties in inpatients with brain lesions in the subacute phase.

The admission and discharge records of 131 patients hospitalized in a neurological rehabilitation department were reviewed retrospectively. The internal consistency, responsiveness, and floor and ceiling effects of BEITI were assessed.

Excellent internal consistency was found for BEITI at admission and discharge (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.964). BEITI had high effect sizes (effect size = 1.11, standardized response mean = 1.54). Significant changes over time were found for the BEITI (p < 0.001). No floor or ceiling effects were observed.

BEITI is a reliable and responsive scale for assessing basic and extended daily functioning in inpatients with brain injuries in the subacute phase.
BEITI is a reliable and responsive scale for assessing basic and extended daily functioning in inpatients with brain injuries in the subacute phase.
Robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) allows an intensive gait training in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). There are few evidences on the effectiveness of RAGT in adults with CP.

To assess the effect of RAGT on gross motor function in adolescent and adult patients with bilateral spastic CP and to compare the effect of RAGT with conventional kinesiotherapy.

Forty-seven patients (mean age 21.2±5.33 years) with bilateral spastic CP were divided into two groups. Twenty-one patients underwent 20 therapeutic units of RAGT and 26 patients underwent 20 therapeutic units of conventional therapy/training (CON). The following parameters were evaluated before (V1) and after the therapy (V2) dimension A (lying and rolling), B (sitting), C (crawling and kneeling), D (standing), E (walking, running and jumping) of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88). In patients in the experimental RAGT group, these parameters were also evaluated 3-4 months later (V3).

Comparing the mean improvements in endpoints in both groups (RAGT vs. CON) after 20 TUs, we observed the statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) and large effect size in all GMFM dimensions and total GMFM improvement in favour of the RAGT group. In RAGT patients, the improvement persisted even 3-4 months after RAGT (p < 0.001).

We demonstrated that the intensive RAGT regimen is more effective than conventional therapy in terms of improvements in gross motor functions in adolescent and adult patients with bilateral spastic CP.
We demonstrated that the intensive RAGT regimen is more effective than conventional therapy in terms of improvements in gross motor functions in adolescent and adult patients with bilateral spastic CP.
Recent studies have suggested that cognitive-motor dual-task (DT) training might improve gait performance, locomotion automaticity, balance, and cognition in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

We aimed to investigate the efficacy of cognitive-cycling DT training in patients with early-stage PD.

Participants were scheduled to perform cognitive tasks simultaneously with the cycling training twice per week for eight weeks for a total of 16 sessions during their on-states. Clinical assessments were conducted using the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS), modified Hoehn and Yahr stage, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, gait and cognitive performances under dual-task paradigm, the new freezing of gait questionnaire, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living scale, 39-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire, and cognitive performance.

Thirteen eligible patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 60.64±5.32 years, and the mean disease duration was 7.02±3.23 years. Twelve PD patients completed 16 serial cognitive-cycling sessions for two months. After 16 sessions of training (T2), the UPDRS III scores improved significantly in both the off- and on-states, and TUG were significantly less than those at pretraining (T0). During both the single-task and the DT situations, gait performance and spatial memory cognitive performance significantly improved from T0 to T2.

The present study demonstrated that cognitive-cycling DT training improves the motor functions, gait and cognitive performances of PD patients.
The present study demonstrated that cognitive-cycling DT training improves the motor functions, gait and cognitive performances of PD patients.
Increased understanding of characteristics of urinary tract infection (UTI) among very low birthweight infants (VLBW) might lead to improvement in detection and treatment. Continuous monitoring for abnormal heart rate characteristics (HRC) could provide early warning of UTIs.

Describe the characteristics of UTI, including HRC, in VLBW infants.

We reviewed records of VLBW infants admitted from 2005-2010 at two academic centers participating in a randomized clinical trial of HRC monitoring. Ebselen ic50 Results of all urine cultures, renal ultrasounds (RUS), and voiding cystourethrograms (VCUG) were assessed. Change in the HRC index was analyzed before and after UTI.

Of 823 VLBW infants (27.7±2.9 weeks GA, 53% male), 378 had > / = 1 urine culture obtained. A UTI (≥10,000 CFU and >five days of antibiotics) was diagnosed in 80 infants, (10% prevalence, mean GA 25.8±2.0 weeks, 76% male). Prophylactic antibiotics were administered to 29 (36%) infants after UTI, of whom four (14%) had another UTI. Recurrent UTI also occurred in 7/51 (14%) of infants not on uroprophylaxis after their first UTI. RUS was performed after UTI in 78%, and hydronephrosis and other major anomalies were found in 19%. A VCUG was performed in 48% of infants and 18% demonstrated vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The mean HRC rose and fell significantly in the two days before and after diagnosis of UTI.

UTI was diagnosed in 10% of VLBW infants, and the HRC index increased prior to diagnosis, suggesting that continuous HRC monitoring in the NICU might allow earlier diagnosis and treatment of UTI.
UTI was diagnosed in 10% of VLBW infants, and the HRC index increased prior to diagnosis, suggesting that continuous HRC monitoring in the NICU might allow earlier diagnosis and treatment of UTI.The worldwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has led to the rapid spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) is widely used as the gold standard for clinical detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, more and more infected patients are relapsing after discharge, which suggests qPCR may fail to detect the virus in some cases. In this study, we selected 74 clinical samples from 43 recovering inpatients for qPCR and Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) synchronous blind detection, and established a cutoff value for ddPCR diagnosis of COVID-19. The results showed that at a cutoff value of 0.04 copies/μL, the ddPCR sensitivity and specificity are 97.6% and 100%, respectively. In addition, we also analyzed 18 retained samples from 9 discharged patients who relapsed. Although qPCR showed all 18 samples to be negative, ddPCR showed 12 to be positive, and there was only one patient with two negative samples; the other eight patients had at least one positive sample. These results indicate that ddPCR could significantly improve the accuracy of COVID-19 diagnosis, especially for discharged patients with a low viral load, and help to reduce misdiagnosis during recovery.Three electrosurgical tissue-sealing devices (EnSeal ETSDRC-01, LigaSure LS1500 and Thunderbeat TB-0535PC) were compared regarding sealing time (ST), maximum working temperature (WTmax) and the total (MTZtotal) as well as the collateral microscopic thermal injury zone (MTZcollat) using laparoscopic handpieces 5 mm in diameter on four types of tissue (liver, mesentery, cross striated muscle and spleen) in an in vivo porcine model. LigaSure had the lowest mean ST in spleen, mesentery, muscle and liver, followed by Thunderbeat and EnSeal with significant differences between all types of tissues and devices. The significantly lowest mean WTmax was obtained for EnSeal in mesentery, muscle and liver. LigaSure and EnSeal operated at the lowest temperature in spleen without a significant difference between them. Thunderbeat produced significantly higher temperature peaks in all cases. The lowest mean MTZtotal was caused by LigaSure and EnSeal in spleen, mesentery and muscle without significant differences between them, followed by the significantly higher values of Thunderbeat. Nevertheless, Thunderbeat produced the significantly lowest mean MTZtotal in the liver. EnSeal produced the lowest mean MTZcollat in the liver, followed by LigaSure and Thunderbeat showing significant differences. EnSeal and LigaSure produced the lowest mean MTZcollat in the spleen, mesentery and muscle without significant differences between them, followed by the significantly higher values of Thunderbeat. Based on the results of this study, Thunderbeat seems to be more invasive to tissue integrity (even without the activation of the ultrasonic scissor function) than EnSeal or LigaSure, that operate at lower temperatures and were found to cause negligible collateral thermal damage.
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