Notes

Genetic make-up Origami Penetration within Mobile Spheroid Tissues Models will be Improved through Wireframe Layout.
the baseline TyG index and incident T2DM in a Japanese population.
A U-shaped association was observed between the baseline TyG index and incident T2DM in a Japanese population.
The nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002) is a validated screening tool for malnutrition. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of the NRS 2002 and its individual components regarding long-term mortality and adverse outcomes in a well-characterized cohort of medical inpatients.

We performed a 5-year follow-up investigation of patients included in the investigator-initiated, prospective, randomized controlled multicenter EFFORT trial that evaluated the effects of individualized nutritional intervention vs. standard hospital food. We used multivariable cox regression analyses adjusted for randomisation arm, study centre, comorbidities and main admission diagnosis to investigate associations between NRS 2002 total scores at time of hospital admission and several long-term outcomes.

We had confirmed mortality data over the mean follow-up time of 3.2 years in 1874 from the initial cohort of 2028 EFFORT patients. Mortality showed a step-wise increase in patients with NRS 3 (289/565 [51.2%]) and NRS 4 (355/717 [49.6%]) to 59.5% (353/593) in patient with NRS≥5 corresponding to an adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) of 1.28 (95%CI 1.15 to 1.42, p≤0.001) for mortality after one year and 1.13 (95%CI 1.05 to 1.23, p=0.002) for the overall time period. All individual components of NRS including disease severity, food intake, weight loss and BMI provided prognostic information regarding long-term mortality risk.

Nutritional risk mirrored by a NRS 2002 total score is a strong and independent predictor of long-term mortality and morbidity in polymorbid medical inpatients particularly in patients with high nutritional risk with an NRS ≥5 points.
Nutritional risk mirrored by a NRS 2002 total score is a strong and independent predictor of long-term mortality and morbidity in polymorbid medical inpatients particularly in patients with high nutritional risk with an NRS ≥5 points.
To study whether the consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks is associated with breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers.

Multicentric population-based case-control study (MCC-Spain) conducted in 12 Spanish provinces. NSC697923 cell line Participants were men and women between 20 and 85 years of age with diagnoses of colorectal (n=1852), breast (n=1486), or prostate cancer (n=953), and population-based controls (n=3543) frequency-matched by age, sex, and region. Dietary intake was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Foods and drinks were categorized according to their degree of processing based on the NOVA classification. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between ultra-processed food and drink consumption and colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer.

In multiple adjusted models, consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks was associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (OR for a 10% increase in consumption 1.11; 95% CI 1.04-1.18). The corresponding odds for breast (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.96-1.11) and prostate cancer (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.93-1.12) were indicative of no association.

Results of this large population-based case-control study suggest an association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks and colorectal cancer. Food policy and public health should include a focus on food processing when formulating dietary guidelines.
Results of this large population-based case-control study suggest an association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks and colorectal cancer. Food policy and public health should include a focus on food processing when formulating dietary guidelines.
There are conflicting results for the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and MetS and its components in a Chinese adult population.

A cross-sectional study of 25,691 men and 22,146 women from China was performed in 2017. MetS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ш. Logistic and restricted cubic spline regression analyses were used to assess the association between 25(OH)D and MetS.

Of the 43,837 participants aged 18-96 years, the prevalence of MetS was 21.0%. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for MetS decreased gradually with increasing 25(OH)D concentrations (P for trend<0.001). Compared with the lowest 25(OH)D quartile, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for MetS from second to the highest quartile were 0.95 (0.88-1.02), 0.82 (0.76-0.88), and 0.70 (0.65-0.75), respectively. We observed a linear dose-response relationship between 25(OH)D concentrations and MetS risk (P for nonlinear trend=0.35); the risk of MetS decreased by 20% (OR=0.80, 95%CI 0.77-0.82) for each 10ng/ml increment in 25(OH)D concentration. The inverse association was more evident in men and participants with eGFR <60ml/min/1.73m
or AST ≥40 U/L (all P for interaction<0.05). Moreover, significant inverse relationships were observed between 25(OH)D and elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated blood pressure.

These findings suggested that higher 25(OH)D concentrations were independently associated with a dose-response decreased risk of MetS among Chinese adults.
These findings suggested that higher 25(OH)D concentrations were independently associated with a dose-response decreased risk of MetS among Chinese adults.
Excess nutrient supply, such as high fat and high glucose intake, promotes oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products accumulation. Oxidative stress and AGE accumulation cause pathological elevation of arginase activity and pro-inflammatory signaling implicated in endothelial dysfunction. Several studies showed positive effects of l-arginine supplementation in endothelial function but little is currently known about the role of l-arginine as prevention of endothelial dysfunction caused by excessive nutrient supply (overfeeding). Our aim was to evaluate a possible protective effect of l-arginine on endothelial dysfunction caused by excessive nutrient supply (overfeeding), using human endothelial cells line in an invitro study.

Endothelial EA.hy926cells were pre-treated with 1.72mM of l-arginine for 24h and afterwards subjected to nutritional stress (high lipid, high insulin and high glucose concentrations) for further 24h. After treatment discontinuation, the cells were kept in culture for 48h, ito prevent oxidative stress and AGEs accumulation caused by overfeeding in human endothelial cell line by regulating STAB1/RAGE gene expression and by reducing excess arginase activity. The positive effects of l-arginine pretreatment continue even after treatment discontinuation in normal conditions.
An early l-arginine treatment is able to prevent oxidative stress and AGEs accumulation caused by overfeeding in human endothelial cell line by regulating STAB1/RAGE gene expression and by reducing excess arginase activity. The positive effects of l-arginine pretreatment continue even after treatment discontinuation in normal conditions.
Previous studies, mainly focused on quantity rather than variety, have shown beneficial associations between the amount of fruit and vegetable consumed, diet quality and healthy lifestyle. The aim is to evaluate the association between fruit and vegetable consumption, diet quality and lifestyle in an elderly Mediterranean population, considering both variety and the combination of quantity and variety (QV).

A cross-sectional analysis of 6647 participants (51.6% of males) was conducted in the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus study. A variety score was created as the sum of vegetables and/or fruits consumed at least once per month using food frequency questionnaires. Dietary Reference Intakes (EAR and IA values) were used to estimate the prevalence of inadequate intake of dietary fiber and micronutrients. Logistic regression models were performed to examine the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and not meeting the DRIs, by tertiles of fruit and vegetable variety and QV categories.

Participtter nutrient adequacy, diet quality and healthier lifestyle in an elderly Mediterranean population.
Denervation of renal sympathetic nerves (RDN) is an invasive endovascular procedure introduced as an antihypertensive treatment with a potential beneficial effect on insulin resistance (IR). We have previously demonstrated a reduction in blood pressure (BP) six months after RDN, but severe hepatic and peripheral IR, assessed by glucose tracer and two step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (HEC), did not improve. The aim of the current study was to evaluate IR and adipokines profiles in relation to BP and arterial stiffness changes two years after RDN.

In 20 non-diabetic patients with true treatment-resistant hypertension, ambulatory and office BP were measured after witnessed intake of medications prior to, six and 24 months after RDN. Arterial stiffness index (AASI) was calculated from ambulatory BP. Insulin sensitivity (IS) was assessed using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR), HOMA-Adiponectin Model Assessment (HOMA-AD), the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivittion of a beneficial metabolic effect of RDN in patients with treatment resistant hypertension.
IR, adiponectin and leptin did not improve two years after RDN. There was no correlation between baseline IS and BP response. Our study does not support the notion of a beneficial metabolic effect of RDN in patients with treatment resistant hypertension.
The aim of this paper was to investigate and compare the effects of two iso-energetic hypo-caloric ketogenic hyper-ketonemic and non-ketogenic low carbohydrate high fat high cholesterol diets on body-composition, muscle strength and hormonal profile in experienced resistance-trained middle-aged men.

Twenty non-competitive experienced resistance-trained middle-aged men were on the supervised calorie maintenance western diet and resistance-training regimen for 4 weeks and then divided into ketogenic and non-ketogenic groups for 8 weeks period. Keto bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate) levels were measured weekly, testosterone and insulin biweekly, strength and body-composition monthly, lipid profile and blood sugar level at the beginning and at the end of the study.

Both groups lost a similar amount of lean body mass and fat tissue (from F=248.665, p<0.001 to F=21.943, p=0.001), but preserved maximal upper and lower body strength (from F=1.772, p=0.238 to F=0.595, p=0.577). Basal testosterone and free testosterone increased (from F=37.267, p=0.001 to F=16.261, p=0.005) and insulin levels decreased significantly in both groups (F=27.609, p=0.001; F=54.256, p<0.001, respectively). No differences in lipid profile and blood sugar level were found (from F=4.174, p=0.058, to F=0.065, p=0.802).

Ketogenic diet with sustained hyper-ketonemia above 1mol/l has the same impact as low carbohydrate non-ketogenic diet on muscle strength, body-composition, and hormonal and lipid profile in hypo-caloric dietary conditions in strength-trained middle-aged men.
Ketogenic diet with sustained hyper-ketonemia above 1 mol/l has the same impact as low carbohydrate non-ketogenic diet on muscle strength, body-composition, and hormonal and lipid profile in hypo-caloric dietary conditions in strength-trained middle-aged men.
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