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Repeated quick interpregnancy interval: Maternal dna and also neonatal outcomes.
capreolus populations, including a historically documented founder population that has been through a severe bottleneck. During each phylogenetic transition there is evidence for selection (e.g. using evidence from non-synonymous change or population data), including at loci associated with diapause (delayed embryonic development), a phenotype restricted to this genus among the even-toed ungulates. Together these data allow us to assess expectations for the origin and diversification of a mammalian genus during a period of extreme environmental change. selleck chemicals llc This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES While there is much evidence to support the use of simulation based education (SBE) in undergraduate education of healthcare professionals, less attention has been paid to how SBE, viewed as a complex intervention, is implemented and becomes embedded and sustained. This paper aims to explore factors that inhibited or promoted SBE becoming normal practice in undergraduate healthcare professional programmes. METHODS Participants involved in the organisation, design and delivery of SBE in the North of England were recruited purposefully from Higher Education Institutions (HEI) and National Health Service (NHS) Trusts through local networks for qualitative telephone interviews. Transcripts were analysed inductively using a hybrid approach involving simultaneous inductive open coding and deductive coding using Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) as a theoretical lens. FINDINGS Twelve NHS staff from 11 trusts and seven individuals from four HEIs were interviewed. There was considerable variation in the approach taken to implementation across organisations which resulted in varying degrees of embeddedness. Implementation was challenged or enabled by organisational leadership, professional buy-in, and the development and maturity of strategic approach. Variation in understanding of the scope and pedagogical aims of SBE led to inequity between professions and organisations in investment and participation as well as design and delivery of SBE. CONCLUSION Given the complexity of SBE best practice in implementation should be considered fundamental to the successful delivery of SBE. Findings provide an explanation of how contextual factors can support or hinder implementation to maximise potential benefits and learning outcomes; this understanding can be used to better inform development of SBE strategies and highlight potential factors needed to navigate contextual barriers so that learning outcomes can be maximised. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.There is uncertainty as to how high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), a marker of an individual's capacity for flexible physiological reactivity, relates to an individual's tendency to experience negative emotions. We propose that both excessively high and excessively low HF-HRV may reflect maladaptive physiological reactivity tendencies associated with high negative affectivity and that this association may be influenced by the use of emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitively reappraising negative environmental stimuli to downregulate the experience of negative emotions. The purpose of the current study was to examine the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal in the quadratic association between HF-HRV and negative affectivity. Electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded at rest for 269 young adults (77% female; M = 19.7 years) who then completed self-report rating scales assessing trait negative affectivity and trait cognitive reappraisal. As predicted, high and low HF-HRV were associated with high negative affectivity at low levels of trait cognitive reappraisal. At high levels of trait reappraisal, the quadratic association between HF-HRV and negative affectivity was not significant. These results suggest that, contrary to traditional views, high HF-HRV may not always be an adaptive characteristic and may depend on an individual's use of emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal. © 2020 Society for Psychophysiological Research.Theory of Mind (ToM) and the structure of intelligence were investigated in 115 4-year-olds. Specifically, we asked whether children's intelligence involves both general and specific aspects and whether standard ToM measures of false belief can serve as indicators of social intelligence. Psychometric intelligence and children's domain-specific understanding of number concepts and of mental states (false belief) were measured in the laboratory; communication and social skills were assessed through mothers' report. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed poor fit for a one-factor model, but good fit for a model with three correlated factors, suggesting that children's intelligence involves both general and specific aspects. Numerate-spatial and verbal intelligence were correlated (.70), and social intelligence correlated to a stronger degree with verbal (.66) than with numerate-spatial intelligence (.37). Laboratory assessment of false belief and mothers' reports about children's social skills loaded on a single factor, pointing to real-world consequences of ToM abilities. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? The structure of intelligence in 4-year-olds comprises domain-general and domain-specific dimensions. Some domain-specific dimensions are numerate-spatial, verbal, and social intelligence. What does this study add? Theory of Mind emerges as an aspect of children's social intelligence. Social intelligence (including Theory of Mind) is related to children's numerate-spatial abilities. © 2020 The Authors. British Journal of Developmental Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Psychological Society.Different computational methods are used to investigate the nature of interaction in the NCF⋯NH3 model complex, in which the fluorine atom acts as a Lewis acid and forms a noncovalent bond with the ammonia (Lewis base). Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory based on density functional theory (SAPT(DFT)) indicates that the noncovalent interaction in the NCF⋯NH3 complex is mainly electrostatics. However, dispersion and induction terms also play important roles. Although fluorine noncovalent interactions are typically classified as halogen bonds, they are somewhat different from the well-known halogen bonds of iodine, bromine, and chlorine. The halogen bonds of NCCl⋯NH3 and NCBr⋯NH3 are directional and the C  X  N (X = Cl or Br) angle tends to be linear. In contrast, the fluorine interaction in NCF⋯NH3 is not directional; the interaction energy shows no sensitivity to the angular (C  F  N) distortions, and the energy profile is flat over a wide angular range (from 180° to about 140°). However, for the angles less than 130°, the energy curve shows a clear angular dependence and the interaction between NCF and NH3 becomes stronger as the C  F  N angle decreases. It seems that at the tighter angles, a tetrel-bonded NCF⋯NH3 complex is preferred. Moreover, interacting quantum atoms (IQA) analysis shows that the competition between different intra-atomic and interatomic interactions determines the geometry of NCF⋯NH3 complex. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.We sought to investigate the transport route for protein-rich fluid from the apical area towards the draining lymph nodes. The first mandibular molar root canals in 24 female Wistar rats were instrumented and filled with radioactive-labelled human serum albumin. The rats were sacrificed at different intervals beginning after 10 min (time 0) and continuing up to 72 h. Three jaw segments, gingiva around the first molar, blood samples, submandibular and cervical lymph nodes were collected and analyzed for radioactivity. The starting volume of tracer (control) for all experiments was calculated from measurements at time 0. At time 0, radioactivity was only detected in the jaw segments. Within lymph nodes and serum, the tracer was found after 4 h, with the highest amount recorded in serum up to 24 h. Lymphatics were found within the mandibular canal along blood vessels and nerves and exiting via foramen mandibularis, after immunohistochemical staining in four untreated rats. Our results show tracer distribution from the apical area towards the mandibular canal in a posterior direction. The tracer washout rate was low, and the fluid was mainly absorbed into blood vessels. The lymphatics in the mandibular canal may be more important for immune cell transport than for fluid drainage. © 2020 The Authors. Eur J Oral Sci published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Jaw-neck motor function is affected in the chronic stage following whiplash trauma. It is not known whether motor function is affected also in the early stage after neck trauma. OBJECTIVES To determine how jaw and head movement amplitudes and movement cycle times correlate with jaw and neck pain, and neck disability in the acute stage after whiplash trauma. METHODS Jaw and head movements during jaw opening-closing were recorded with an optoelectronic system in 23 cases (4 men, 19 women, 18-66 years) within 1 month after whiplash trauma and compared with 27 controls without neck trauma (15 men, 12 women, 20-66 years). Jaw and head movement amplitudes, head/jaw ratio (quotient of head and jaw movement amplitude) and movement cycle times were evaluated in relation to jaw and neck pain (Numeric Rating Scale) and neck disability (Neck Disability Index). Analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's correlation. RESULTS Compared with controls, cases showed smaller jaw movement amplitudes (P = .006) but no difference in head movement amplitudes, head/jaw ratios or movement cycle times. There were no significant correlations between movement amplitudes or cycle times and jaw and neck pain, and neck disability. Cases with high neck pain intensity had smaller jaw movement amplitudes compared to cases with low neck pain intensity (P = .024). CONCLUSION The results suggest that jaw-neck motor function may be affected in the acute stage after whiplash trauma and more so in cases with higher neck pain intensity. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Mediator is a multiprotein complex that acts as an essential transcriptional coactivator in eukaryotic cells for successful transcription. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression profile of 33 mediator subunit genes in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and the functional role of MED28 in cellular behaviors of OCSCC cells. METHODS Single-cell (sc)RNA-seq data from OCSCC cells (Puram 2017's dataset) and bulk-seq data of the OCSCC subgroup of TCGA-head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) were used for bioinformatic analysis. SCC9 cells were used in in-vitro and in-vivo analysis. RESULTS Among the 33 genes subjected to screening, MED28 showed the best prognostic value and its upregulation might independently predict shorter OS (HR 3.699, 95%CI 1.383-9.892, p=0.009) and PFS (HR 2.769, 95%CI 1.462-5.244, p=0.002). MED28 expression was positively correlated with cancer-stem cell (CSC)-like properties of SCC9 cells, including colony/sphere formation and the expression of CSC markers (CD44, KLF4, NANOG and OCT4).
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