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Greater Consistency associated with Health Anxiousness inside Health Technology College students: the Combination Sectional Study inside a Greek College.
A), ranging from transient NDM to adult-onset, insulin-demanding diabetes, among family members. Genetic testing in young individuals with a strong family history of diabetes, presenting with non-autoimmune diabetes is recommended as it can determine prognosis and treatment of affected family members.
In March 2020, lockdown was imposed in India to combat spread of Coronavirus, which was extended till 31st May. Implementation of lockdown and limited outdoor activities resulted in changes in routines of children with diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of lockdown on glycemic control, weight and body mass index (BMI) patterns of children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) from different socio-economic (SE) classes.

This observational study included 77 children and youth (5-20 years) with T1DM having disease duration of≥6months. Demographic data and investigations were recorded at two time points (post lockdown when the children came for follow up, pre lockdown data from medical records).

Glycemic control improved (pre lockdown HbA1C 79.4±19.2 vs. post lockdown Hba1C 74.5±16.9mmol/mol, p<0.05) and there was weight gain post lockdown (pre lockdown weight z-score-0.4±0.8 vs. post lockdown weight z-score-0.2±0.8, p<0.05) without any significant change in BMI and insulin requirements. Improved glycemic was seen in the lower SE group control post lockdown (p<0.05), whereas in higher SE group, it remained unchanged. Children whose parents were at home during lockdown showed an improved glycemic control (p<0.05) as compared to children whose parents continued to work during lockdown (p>0.01).

During coronavirus lockdown, glycemic control was adequately maintained in children with T1DM, highlighting importance of stronger family support system leading to more steady daily routine.
During coronavirus lockdown, glycemic control was adequately maintained in children with T1DM, highlighting importance of stronger family support system leading to more steady daily routine.
Ectopic adrenocorticotropic syndrome (EAS) causes approximately 10-18% of cases of Cushing's syndrome (CS) in adults, while in children it occurs much less frequently.

We report two cases of neuroendocrine tumors (of the thymus and the appendix) in a 12-year-old boy and a 15-year-old girl who presented with the clinical features of CS. Elevated serum cortisol, ACTH, and chromogranin levels were observed in both patients. Diagnoses were made on the basis of a mass in the thymus/appendix region visualized with chest/abdominal CT scan and radiotracer accumulation in scintigraphy in the same areas. Histopathological examinations confirmed the diagnoses of NET.

EAS is an extremely rare endocrine disorder. However, it should be taken into consideration in the diagnostic process of every case of ACTH-dependent CS.
EAS is an extremely rare endocrine disorder. However, it should be taken into consideration in the diagnostic process of every case of ACTH-dependent CS.
There has been a recent worldwide outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Most of the health system capacity has been directed to COVID-19 patients, and routine outpatient clinics have been suspended. Chronic disease patients, such as inherited metabolic disorders (IMD), have had trouble accessing healthcare services.

An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients with IMDs who were present for a follow-up at our clinic to address their problems during pandemic period. Our clinic's Instagram and Facebook accounts were used to invite the participants. Three reminders were given between May 1, 2020, and May 30, 2020. Survey questions were analyzed using descriptive statics.

A total of 213 patients completed our survey. Incomplete surveys were excluded, and 175 questionnaires were evaluated. Most of patients had a special diet, and 51% of them had some difficulty with their diet. The reported rate of using a special treatment was 38%, and most of these patients (91%) had no problem receiving these special therapies during this time. Parents who were wearing masks while caring for their child were very few (17%), but a vast majority of parents (73.7%) had high handwashing rates. None of the patients had a SARS-COV2 infection until this paper was written.

This is the first study that aims to determine the problems faced by patients with IMD during the COVİD-19 period. Considering that the pandemic will not immediately pass, recognizing the problems faced by patients with chronic diseases and developing solutions would help these patients avoid long-term damage.
This is the first study that aims to determine the problems faced by patients with IMD during the COVİD-19 period. Considering that the pandemic will not immediately pass, recognizing the problems faced by patients with chronic diseases and developing solutions would help these patients avoid long-term damage.Over the last 50 years, there has been a steady decline in fertility rates in humans, which has occurred in parallel with an increasing incidence of obesity and metabolic disorders. The potential impact of these disorders and plausible mechanisms by which they negatively influence male reproduction are only partly understood and published data are often controversial. Obesity is one of the most important health challenges worldwide and is becoming more prevalent in children and adolescents. Obesity, the metabolic syndrome and related co-morbidities can lead to impaired male reproductive function, including adverse effects on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis as illustrated by reduced sperm number and quality, decreased testosterone levels and elevated inflammatory markers. The incidence of diabetes mellitus type I is also dramatically increasing and may negatively impact spermatogenesis and testicular function, resulting in decreased serum testosterone and epididymal weight. In this review, we summarize and discuss the effects of metabolic diseases that typically develop during childhood and adolescence on later reproductive function and fertility. While impact on reproductive health is likely observed in both sexes, we have chosen to focus on the male in the current review. selleck chemicals Specifically, we illustrate adverse effects of obesity, type 1 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance on sperm function and testosterone metabolism. Identification of pathophysiological mechanisms during childhood may open up new avenues for early prevention and treatment resulting in better reproductive outcomes and improved fertility rates during adulthood.
Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency is anautosomal recessive inborn error of phenylalanine metabolism.

Εven in cases with negative newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism, the possibility of a metabolic disorder including PKU should be considered in any child presenting symptoms of developmental disorders. Late diagnosed PKU patients require a more specialized and individualized management than if they were early treatment cases.

We discuss a case of a child with typical autistic symptomatology, in whom years later a diagnosis ofphenylketonuria was set, even neonatal screening was negative. Τhe patient was placed on a phenylalanine-restricted diet. After a period of clinical improvement, severe behavioral problems with aggressiveness and anxiety werepresented. Less restrictive diet ameliorated the symptomatology.

This case highlights the major medical importance of adequate newborn screening policy, in order to avoid missed diagnosed cases. PKU may be presented as autism spectrum disorder. Dietary management needs individualized attentive monitoring.
This case highlights the major medical importance of adequate newborn screening policy, in order to avoid missed diagnosed cases. PKU may be presented as autism spectrum disorder. Dietary management needs individualized attentive monitoring.Objectives Exposure to cadmium (Cd), which causes environmental and industrial pollution, causes toxicity in many tissues and organs, especially bone, lung and kidney. Hormones, growth factors and other stimuli act on bone tissue through osteoblasts. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of Cd on hFOB1.19 osteoblast cells and the protective and healing potentials of estrogen, androgen and vitamin D against the inhibitory effect of Cd on the proliferation. Methods hFOB1.19 cells were cultivated in our laboratory using Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium-F12, HEPES medium, containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% penicillin/streptomycin in 34.5 °C 5%CO2 incubator. To determine its protective potentials for the toxicity of CdCl2, it was previously applied 1,25(OH) 2D vitamin, 17β-estradiol, and 5α-androstane for 72 h to cells. To determine their curative potential, osteoblast cells, which were previously exposed to CdCl2 for 72 h, were administered 1,25(OH) 2D vitamin, 17β-estradiol, and 5α-androstane. Following these applications were determined proliferation by XTT analysis and, the amounts of androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, vitamin D receptor, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin by ELISA analysis. Results Vitamin D has been both preventive and curative effective to increase cell proliferation, which Cd reduces. Interestingly, estrogen had a preventive effect and androgen had a curative effect. Conclusions In addition to showing the negative effects of cadmium on the proliferation of osteoblast cells, this study provides an overview of the effects of hormone and vitamin D applications before and after Cd, and these results may serve as a guide for future studies.
Previous studies showed that melatonin supplementation may suppress oxidative stress, however, the results have not been consistent. So, we conducted this meta-analysis to assess the precise relationship between melatonin supplementation and oxidative stress.

PubMed and Scopus were searched for randomized controlled trials that investigated the effect of melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress up to March 2020. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test and I-square (

) statistic. Data were pooled using the random effect model and standardized mean difference (SMD) was considered as the summary effect size. Also, standard methods were used for assessment of sensitivity analysis and publication bias.

We included 15 related articles and our findings indicated that melatonin supplementation significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level (SMD 1.03, 95% CI 0.24, 1.81, p=0.011) and reduced protein carbonyl (PCO) (SMD-1.78, 95% CI-2.97,-0.58, p=0.004) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (SMD-0.94, 95% CI-1.48,-0.40, p=0.001). Additionally, there was considerable effect on TAC level by using≥20mg/d melatonin and in people under 35 years old. MDA level also decreased using dosage of below 20mg/d and in people≥35 years old.

The present study showed a promising effect of melatonin administration for reducing MDA, PCO, and increasing TAC levels. However, further studies especially with more attention to PCO level assessment are needed to confirm the findings of the present study in larger samples on different populations.
The present study showed a promising effect of melatonin administration for reducing MDA, PCO, and increasing TAC levels. However, further studies especially with more attention to PCO level assessment are needed to confirm the findings of the present study in larger samples on different populations.
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