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Improvement and Comparison associated with Dengue Weakness Indices Employing GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Determination Examination inside Lao PDR along with Thailand.
Genes putatively regulated by CGI-associated enhancers are enriched for transcription regulator activity. Our findings show that CGI-associated transcribed enhancers display a series of characteristics related to sequence, expression and function that distinguish them from enhancers not associated with CGIs. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.Microbial association networks are frequently used for understanding and comparing community dynamics from microbiome datasets. Inferring microbial correlations for such networks and obtaining meaningful biological insights, however, requires a lengthy data management workflow, choice of appropriate methods, statistical computations, followed by a different pipeline for suitably visualizing, reporting and comparing the associations. The complexity is further increased with the added dimension of multi-group 'meta-data' and 'inter-omic' functional profiles that are often associated with microbiome studies. This not only necessitates the need for categorical networks, but also integrated and bi-partite networks. Multiple options of network inference algorithms further add to the efforts required for performing correlation-based microbiome interaction studies. We present MetagenoNets, a web-based application, which accepts multi-environment microbial abundance as well as functional profiles, intelligently segregates 'continuous and categorical' meta-data and allows inference as well as visualization of categorical, integrated (inter-omic) and bi-partite networks. Modular structure of MetagenoNets ensures logical flow of analysis (inference, integration, exploration and comparison) in an intuitive and interactive personalized dashboard driven framework. Dynamic choice of filtration, normalization, data transformation and correlation algorithms ensures, that end-users get a one-stop solution for microbial network analysis. MetagenoNets is freely available at https//web.rniapps.net/metagenonets. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.BACKGROUND Folate and cobalamin (vitamin B-12) are essential for growth and development. However, few population-based studies have investigated B-vitamin status in children. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess biomarkers of folate and vitamin B-12 status and to explore their dietary determinants in healthy Norwegian children. METHODS Using baseline data obtained from a randomized controlled trial on the effect of fish intake on neurodevelopment in children aged 4-6 y, we measured the plasma concentrations of folate, cobalamin, total plasma homocysteine (tHcy), and methylmalonic acid (MMA). Food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were used to assess dietary intake. We used unadjusted and multiple linear regression models to explore the determinants of biomarker concentrations. RESULTS The median (IQR) of plasma folate (n = 197) and plasma cobalamin (n = 195) concentrations were 15.2 (12.2-21.1) nmol/L and 785 (632-905) pmol/L, respectively. Plasma folate concentrations of 6.5 μmol/L). Plasma folate concentration was inversely correlated with tHcy (ρ = -0.24, P less then 0.001); we found no correlation between tHcy and cobalamin (ρ = -0.075, P = 0.30). Children who consumed vitamin supplements had 51% higher plasma folate concentrations (P less then 0.0001) than those who did not. Consumption of red meat for dinner more than twice a week was associated with 23% lower plasma folate (P less then 0.01). No other significant associations between dietary intake and the biomarkers were observed. CONCLUSIONS The Norwegian preschool children from this cohort had adequate vitamin B-12 status. Poor folate status was common and associated with elevated tHcy. The implications of poor folate status during childhood should be a prioritized research question. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02331667. Copyright © The Author(s) on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition 2020.Importance Since the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the US government has promoted household disaster preparedness, but preparedness remains low. Objective To identify disparities in disaster preparedness among US households. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from a nationally representative sample of US households from the 2017 American Housing Survey's topical section on preparedness to assess associations of disaster preparedness with households' socioeconomic characteristics, composition, and region. Logistic regressions were used to assess associations of household characteristics with overall preparedness, resource- and action-based preparedness, and specific preparedness items. Data analyses were completed on March 27, 2020. Exposures Combined household income, head of household's education level, race/ethnicity, marital status of head of household, head of household aged 65 years or older, presence of children or a household member with a disability, and eholds and those with household heads aged 65 years or older were more likely to fulfill at least half of resource-based items (wealthy households adjusted odds ratio [aOR] by logged income, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.13-1.22]; household heads age ≥65 years aOR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.29-1.55) but less likely to fulfill action-based items (wealthy households aOR 0.96 [95% CI, 0.93-0.99]; household heads age ≥65 years aOR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.84-0.99]). Households with black household heads were more likely to fulfill items directly related to emergencies (carry-on emergency kit aOR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.14-1.39]; alternative communication plan aOR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.39-1.72]; alternative meeting location aOR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.07-1.31]) but less likely to fulfill resource-based items (at least half of resource items aOR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.80-0.99]). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that types of preparedness vary by household characteristics. Targeted strategies are needed to promote preparedness across communities.Importance The closure of the Medicare Part D coverage gap from 2010 to 2019 was intended to help decrease out-of-pocket costs for beneficiaries, especially those taking high-cost drugs. However, yearly increases in list prices and the introduction of newer and more expensive drugs may have limited savings for beneficiaries. Objective To assess the association of closure in the Medicare Part D coverage gap with projected annual out-of-pocket costs from 2010 through 2019 for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) biologics. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional analysis used data from the Medicare Formulary and Pricing Files for the first quarter (January 1 to March 31) in each calendar year from 2010 to 2019 for 17 RA biologic drug and strength combinations. Exposures Medicare Part D plan design and drug price by year. Main Outcomes and Measures Expected annual out-of-pocket costs for 1 year of treatment. Results Among the 17 drug and strength combinations assessed, list prices increased each year for every product, with a mean increase of 160% for the 6 drugs available during the entire study period. For the 6 products available during the entire study period, projected mean (SD) annual out-of-pocket costs were 34% (2%) lower in 2011 than in 2010 ($6108 in 2010 to $4026 in 2011) but only 21% (8%) lower in 2019 ($4801) because of yearly increases in list price. All 4 products with higher out-of-pocket costs in 2019 than in the first year available entered the market between 2011 and 2015. For all products studied, the percentage of money spent in the catastrophic phase increased each year and was a mean (SD) of 22% (14%) higher in 2019 than in 2010 or the year first available. Conclusions and Relevance Although beneficiaries experienced large reductions in out-of-pocket spending from 2010 to 2011, more than half of those savings were lost by 2019 because of annual increases in list prices, even as the coverage gap continued to close in subsequent years.Importance Antiviral treatment is important in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) comprehensive therapy. A high HBV DNA level is an independent risk factor for HBV-related HCC, but no quantifiable clinical index is available to date. Objective To evaluate the feasibility and availability of the novel HBV DNA quantitation-time index (HDQTI), which includes HBV DNA quantitation and follow-up, to predict HBV-related HCC prognosis. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective prognostic study of patients with HCC from multiple centers in China was performed from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2016. The median follow-up time was 18 months, and the longest follow-up time was 147 months. T-705 in vitro Data analysis was performed from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinical characteristics, antitumor management, antiviral treatment, HDQTI scores, follow-up information, and overall survival were recorded and analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic curve s. Patients with HDQTI scores higher than 34 had high risk of recurrence; at this cutoff level, the sensitivity of the HDQTI was 76.9% and the specificity was 92.9%, with an area under curve of 0.928. Patients in various BCLC stages had similar trends in overall survival and HDQTI scores (BCLC stage A HDQTI score less then 34, not applicable; HDQTI score ≥34, 44.0 months; 95% CI, 38.3-49.7 months; BCLC stage B HDQTI score less then 34, 35.0 months; 95% CI, 33.3-36.7 months; HDQTI score ≥34, 17.0 months; 95% CI, 14.5-19.5 months; P = .002; BCLC stage C HDQTI score less then 34, 18.0 months; 95% CI, 16.5-19.6 months; HDQTI scores ≥34, 10.0 months; 95% CI, 8.5-11.5 months; P = .005). Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that the HDQTI can be used as an independent prognostic indicator of recurrence in HBV-related HCC. Shorter follow-up intervals and accurate imaging evaluation are recommended in patients with HDQTI scores of 34 or higher.Importance Intratumoral heterogeneity has been recognized as a significant barrier in successfully developing targetable biomarkers for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) and may affect neoadjuvant precision medicine approaches. Objective To describe intratumoral spatial heterogeneity of tumor cell populations in nonmetastatic GEA and its association with survival. Design, Setting, and Participants This case series retrospectively identified 41 patients with GEA who underwent up-front surgical resection at a tertiary referral cancer center from January 1, 1989, through December 31, 2013. Survival was calculated from date of surgery to date of death through June 1, 2017. Data were analyzed from June 2, 2017, to March 1, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall survival, intratumoral clonal composition determined by genomic single-nucleotide variation array and bioinformatic analysis, and intercellular tumoral distances determined by multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results Among the 41 patientts before metastatic dissemination, and increased heterogeneity was associated with worse outcomes in resected GEA. Baseline heterogeneity illustrates the challenges in GEA targeted therapy. Further study may offer insight into strategies on combinatorial and/or sequential targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches.
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