Notes

[ERRATA CORRIGE. Epidemiol Prev 2021;45(One particular):82-91].
In 2012, the World Health Organisation (WHO) set out a roadmap for eliminating schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2025. To achieve this target, preschool-aged children (PSAC; aged 6 years and below) will need to be included in schistosomiasis treatment programmes. As the global community discusses the tools and approaches for treating this group, one of the main questions that remains unanswered is how to quantify infection in this age group to inform treatment strategies. The aim of this study was thus to determine whether a relationship exists between levels of schistosome infection in PSAC and school-aged children (SAC), that can be used to determine unknown schistosome infection prevalence levels in PSAC. A systematic search of publications reporting schistosomiasis prevalence in African PSAC and SAC was conducted. The search strategy was formulated using the PRISMA guidelines and SPIDER search strategy tool. The published data was subjected to regression analysis to determine if a relationshipat schistosome prevalence in SAC can be extended as a proxy for infection levels in PSAC, extending on its current use in the adult population. SAC prevalence data could identify where there is a need to accelerate and facilitate the treatment of PSAC for schistosomiasis in Africa.Metabolic inference from genomic sequence information is a necessary step in determining the capacity of cells to make a living in the world at different levels of biological organization. A common method for determining the metabolic potential encoded in genomes is to map conceptually translated open reading frames onto a database containing known product descriptions. Such gene-centric methods are limited in their capacity to predict pathway presence or absence and do not support standardized rule sets for automated and reproducible research. Pathway-centric methods based on defined rule sets or machine learning algorithms provide an adjunct or alternative inference method that supports hypothesis generation and testing of metabolic relationships within and between cells. Here, we present mlLGPR, multi-label based on logistic regression for pathway prediction, a software package that uses supervised multi-label classification and rich pathway features to infer metabolic networks in organismal and multi-organismal datasets. We evaluated mlLGPR performance using a corpora of 12 experimental datasets manifesting diverse multi-label properties, including manually curated organismal genomes, synthetic microbial communities and low complexity microbial communities. Resulting performance metrics equaled or exceeded previous reports for organismal genomes and identify specific challenges associated with features engineering and training data for community-level metabolic inference.
Loss of smell and taste are commonly reported symptoms associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in people with acute loss of smell and/or taste is unknown. The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a community-based population with acute loss of smell and/or taste and to compare the frequency of COVID-19 associated symptoms in participants with and without SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. It also evaluated whether smell or taste loss are indicative of COVID-19 infection.

Text messages, sent via primary care centers in London, United Kingdom, invited people with loss of smell and/or taste in the preceding month, to participate. Recruitment took place between 23 April 2020 and 14 May 2020. A total of 590 participants enrolled via a web-based platform and responded to questions about loss of smell and taste and other COVID-19-related symptoms. Mean age was 39.4 years (SD nd the fact our methodology does not take into account the possibility that a population subset may not seroconvert to develop SARS-CoV-2 antibodies post-COVID-19.

Our findings suggest that recent loss of smell is a highly specific COVID-19 symptom and should be considered more generally in guiding case isolation, testing, and treatment of COVID-19.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04377815.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04377815.For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of picosecond laser pulses without optical breakdown has been detected simultaneously (as the first Stokes and anti-Stokes paired components) at ∼3430 and ∼3000cm-1 vibrations of water OH band. These components were generated coaxially to the pump beam in the forward direction as axial and conical ring beams, respectively, when the pump beam was focused at the water-air interface. We suggest an explanation of these new SRS phenomena by non-collinear four-wave parametric interaction.We demonstrate a multifunctional photonic switch on silicon-on-insulator platform operating at the mid-infrared wavelength range (3.85-4.05 µm) using suspended waveguides with sub-wavelength cladding and a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) tunable waveguide coupler. Olaparib Leveraging the flip-chip bonding technology, a top wafer acting as the electrode is assembled above the silicon-on-insular wafer to enable the electrostatic actuation. Experimental characterizations for the functions of the proposed device include (1) an optical attenuator with 25 dB depth using DC voltage actuation, (2) a 1×2 optical switch with response time of 8.9 µs and -3dB bandwidth up to 127 kHz using AC voltage actuation, and (3) an on-chip integrated light chopper with the comparable performance of a commercial rotating disc light chopper.An innovative 3D ladar that utilizes potassium tantalate niobate (KTN) crystal as a polarization modulator is proposed in this Letter. The optical isotropy of KTN in cubic phase can effectively suppress the range errors induced by the incident angles of collected beams in 3D imaging. The giant quadratic electro-optic coefficient can dramatically lower the voltage that is required to modulate the polarization so that a high voltage amplifier with less noise can be used to improve the ranging performances. By virtue of these two advantages, a range error of 4.8 cm and a range precision of 4.4 cm at 15 m have been achieved under a large field of view of 20° (about 0.35 rad) and a maximum detection range without ambiguity of 60 m.
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