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Large-scale true-time-delay rural beamforming using EO regularity combs as well as multicore fiber.
The construction of the knowledge base will facilitate the mining and utilization of the scientific data of Dao-di herbs, and provide resource management and basic guarantee for the transformation and promotion of scientific and technological achievements of Dao-di herbs.To explore the effects of early bolting on the quality of Peucedanum praeruptorum, the anatomical structures of P. praeruptorum root between bolting and no-bolting were investigated by paraffin section method, and contents of praeruptorin A, praeruptorin B, praeruptorin E, bergapten were determined by HPLC, then the differences and inter-relations were studied by comparative analysis method. The results showed that there existed great influences of early bolting on the root anatomical structures and coumarins content of P. praeruptorum.(1)The area of pericyclic parenchyma tissue and secondary phloem in P. praeruptorum without bolting are large, and have higher content of coumarins.(2) The areas of secondary phloem in bolting P. praeruptorum are large, and have lot of vessels and wood fiber, and the content of coumarins is low.(3)There are significant different of coumarins contents in P. praeruptorum with and without bolting, in their main root(MR),outside the vascular cambium(PP), inside the vascular cambium(PX), and the leaf(LF) parts, and the total content of coumarins was PP>MR>LF>PX. Accordingly, the root anatomical structure and active component of P. praeruptorum were changed after early bolting, which have an important influence on the quality of Peucedani Radix.Bupleuri Radix is a traditional staple Chinese medicinal material which has a wide range of medicinal values. However, with the increase of the international trade of Bupleuri Radix, its quality and safety issues have attracted much attention. Therefore, the establishment of international standards for Bupleuri Radix has important practical significance. In view of this, based on our foundation work on the standardization of Chinese medicine and international standards, this review systematically collates the quality standards of the major countries(regions) in which Bupleuri Radix is used, including the origin, macroscopic characteristics, microscopic characteristics, determination of marker compounds and extrinsic harmful contaminants. The existing problems and suggestions are also discussed in this review, which may provide reference for the study of the quality standard of Bupleuri Radix.The ecological planting of Chinese medicinal materials is a cultivation technology that takes into account both ecological and economic benefits, and takes scientific planting technology as a guide to achieve the goal of high quality, high yield and efficiency of Chinese medicinal materials and the sustainable and healthy development of Chinese medicinal materials planting. Among them, scientific fertilization is an important measure to realize the ecological planting of Chinese medicinal materials. In recent years, the social economy has developed rapidly. In the production of Chinese herbal medicines, a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been gradually used to increase short-term economic benefits. The unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has neglected the output, quality, safety, environmental pollution and environmental protection of medicinal materials. Ipatasertib clinical trial The impact of continuous development. Therefore, from the perspective of research on cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials, this article briefly describes the role and measures of scientific fertilization in ecological planting of Chinese medicinal materials. The roles of scientific fertilization in solving soil pollution and soil quality deterioration of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation, sustainable deve-lopment of Chinese herbal medicine production, unstable production quality of Chinese herbal medicine products, and quality safety are summarized separately. It is proposed measures based on the characteristics of soil fertilization, the growth and development characteristics of Chinese medicinal materials as the core, and the industrial planting model as the carrier to promote scientific fertilization in the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials. Finally, the development direction of scientific fertilization and ecological plan-ting of traditional Chinese medicine is prospected, in order to provide support and reference for the development of ecological planting of traditional Chinese medicine.Alcohol is considered to be one of the main causes for gastric injury, and alcoholic gastric injury has been becoming one of the global health problems, which seriously affects the quality of human life. Many studies suggest that the active components extracted from Chinese herbal medicine can effectively reduce the degree of alcohol-induced gastric injury. The active components and its mechanism of anti-alcoholic gastric injury of Chinese herbal medicine reported in recent five years were preliminarily summarized according to the classification of terpenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, volatile oils, phenylpropanoids and alkaloids in this paper. The terpenoids could improve oxidative stress and inflammatory response by regulating relevant signaling pathways. The flavonoids are mainly related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The polyphenols mainly regulate the level of relevant factors involved in inflammatory pathway, oxidative stress and apoptosis pathway. The polysaccharides could enhance the ability of gastric mucosal defense factor by inhibiting oxidative stress injury and inflammatory response. Phenylpropanoids could enhance the gastric mucosal defense factor. The volatile oils mainly inhibit H~+/K~+-ATPase activity or inflammatory reaction. Alkaloids are closely related to the inhibition of inflammatory response and the improvement of antioxidant system. This paper aims to provide reference for further research and development of Chinese herbal medicine against alcoholic gastric injury.The medicinal parts of Hovenia include the branches, leaves, seeds and fruits with inflorescence axis. This plant has been used with a long history as traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of alcoholism and liver protection. Modern pharmacological research shows that the crude extracts or pure compounds from Hovenia have anti-alcoholism, hepatoprotective, anti-hyperuricemia, anti-viral and anti-tumor activities, etc. Previous phytochemical studies have indicated that flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, phenylpropanoids and polysaccharides are the major constituents in this plant. In this paper, we systematically summarized and analyzed the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Hovenia, providing the scientific evidences for the rational use and comprehensive development of Hovenia.Flavones are widely distributed in terrestrial plants and act as important bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. Baicalein, wogonin and their glycosides baicalin and wogonoside are major active components found in medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis. These flavones can induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, with such pharmacological activities as anti-oxidation, antivirus and liver protection. In recent years, the biosynthesis pathways of flavones in Scutellaria have been studied thoroughly. In particular, the biosynthesis pathways of baicalein and wogonin in S. baicalensis were interpreted completely. In this review, the biosynthesis of flavones in Scutellaria, the regulation of environmental factors and elicitors on their biosynthesis, and the metabolic engineering of the flavones were discussed.The molecular marker-assisted breeding is one of the important methods to cultivate excellent germplasms of Chinese medicinal materials by combining modern molecular biology with traditional genetic breeding. The main target of breeding is to make the biological characters of Chinese medicinal materials stable and the yield and medicinal component of it controllable, and ensure that the medicinal materials produced have the characteristics of "excellent shape, high quality and high effect". Compared with traditional breeding that prefers to the selection of phenotypic traits, the molecular marker-assisted breeding also emphasizes genotype screening. It mainly includes five fields, namely the construction of genetic linkage maps, the positioning of quantitative trait locus(QTL), the analysis of genetic diversities, the identification of varieties and hybrid germplasm purity, and the application of molecular marker-assisted selection. At present, SCoT, ISSR, SSR and SNP are the main DNA markers used in the studies of marker-assisted breeding of Chinese medicinal materials. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology, genome-wide association(GWAS) and molecular design breeding will become the hotspots of Chinese medicinal materials breeding in the future. In this paper, we review current studies excellent germplasm selection of Chinese medicinal materials using molecular marker-assisted breeding and future development prospects. It is suggested to accelerate the breeding of traditional Chinese medicinal materials using molecular pharmacognosy theory and methods, in order to provide theoretical guidance for breeding, protection and sustainable utilization of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Hypoxia-inducible factors(HIFs)are the key transcription factors that sense and regulate cellular oxygen concentration in vivo. HIF-1 is composed of 2 subunits,α and β,in which,the molecular regulatory mechanism of HIF-1α involves the main processes of its degradation and activation. The degradation of HIF-1α is regulated by oxygen-dependent pathways,including "von hippel-lindau protein(pVHL)-dependent pathway" and "pVHL-independent pathway". The activation of HIF-1α is regulated by oxygen-independent pathways,including mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)/eukaryotic initiation factor 4 E-binding protein 1(4 EBP1)/HIF-1α pathway,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3 K)/proteirrserinc-threonine kinases(Akt)/HIF-1α pathway and silent information regulator1(Sirt1)/HIF-1α pathway. In recent years,based on the molecular regulatory mechanism of HIFs,Roxadustat,a new drug for the treatment of renal anemia has been developed. Besides, some macromolecular substances with similar pharmacological effect to HIFs have been found in the extracts from Chinese herbal medicine(CHM),such as emodin,notoginseng triterpenes,honokiol and clematichinenoside. These natural macromolecular substances play the regulatory roles in inflammatory response,epigenetic modification and auto-phagy. It is worth noting that,for common hypoxic-related diseases including diabetic kidney disease,HIFs-mediated "pyroptosis" may be a new target of CHMs for clearing dampness and heat and its representative classical prescriptions(Ermiao Pills)in treating inflammatory injury in cells and tissues.It is crucial to establish a complete set of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) quality traceability management process system, in order to stabilize the pricing order of TCM market and reconstruct the transmission path of TCM quality signals. In this study, we reviewed the mature experience of food and drug supervision at home and abroad, analyzed the quality characteristics of TCM, and put forward that the quality control of TCM products can learn from the hazard analysis and critical control point(HACCP) system in food safety quality control. This study points out that the HACCP system provides not only technical guidance for the traceability management of TCM, but also ideas for improving the quality of TCM products and the safety risk control of TCM. The application of the HACCP system in TCM quality control can help establish an international dialogue platform for TCM and help realize the modernization and internationalization of TCM industry.
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