Notes

Bi-level Nose Positive Respiratory tract Force (BiPAP) as opposed to Sinus Continuous Positive Respiratory tract Strain (CPAP) regarding Preterm Infants along with Beginning Excess weight Lower than Fifteen hundred grams and also Respiratory Distress Syndrome Following Make sure Treatment: The Two-center Randomized Controlled Demo.
Extension of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) beyond 1 year after acute coronary syndrome is associated with a reduction in ischemic events but also increased bleeding. The DAPT score identifies individuals likely to derive overall benefit or harm from DAPT extension. We sought to evaluate the impact of providing the DAPT score to treating physicians on the decision to extend DAPT beyond 1 year after non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Moderate to high-risk non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients were enrolled from July 2016 to May 2018 in 13 Canadian hospitals by 52 cardiologists. Participating cardiologists were randomly assigned 11 to receive their individual patients' DAPT scores before the 1-year follow-up visit vs not receiving their patients' DAPT scores. Rates of DAPT extension were compared among the randomized groups.

At 1 year, 370 of the 585 (63.2%) patients discharged on DAPT were receiving DAPT. Among patients on DAPT at 1 year, the median (25th, 75th percentile) DAPT score was 2 (1,3). DAPT was extended beyond 1 year in 36.2% randomly assigned to provision of DAPT score vs 35.7% in the control group (
= 0.93). In the subgroup of patients with DAPT score ≥ 2, DAPT extension was 49.5% in the DAPT score provision arm vs 40.4% in the control arm (
= 0.22); among patients with DAPT score < 2, DAPT termination was 78.6% in the DAPT score provision arm vs 70.6% in the control arm (
= 0.26) (
value for interaction= 0.1).

In this exploratory randomized trial, provision of the DAPT score to treating physicians had no impact on the duration of DAPT treatment beyond 1 year.
In this exploratory randomized trial, provision of the DAPT score to treating physicians had no impact on the duration of DAPT treatment beyond 1 year.
Unlike the relationship with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, that between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is unclear. Our objectives were to characterize lipid profiles early after heart transplantation (HT) and evaluate the relationship between early LDL-C and the development of CAV.

We retrospectively reviewed consecutive adults who underwent HT at 2 centres during the time period 2010-2018. The primary outcome was the incidence of angiographic CAV. The relationship between LDL-C and CAV was assessed using Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models adjusted a priori for clinically important covariates, including recipient and donor age, recipient sex, ischemic time, and pre-HT diabetes.

A total of 386 patients followed for a median (range) of 4.4 (2.8-6.8) years were included. LDL-C at baseline (2.11 ± 0.86 mmol/L) and 1 year after HT (2.20 ± 0.88 mmol/L) was similar (
= 0.21), but it was lower at the end of follow-up (1.89 ± o determine if lipid-lowering to a specific LDL-C target level modifies the risk of CAV.
Acute cardiorenal syndrome (ACRS) is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Intrarenal venous blood flow can be assessed using Doppler ultrasound and has prognostic significance in ADHF. Although intrarenal Doppler (IRD) may be sensitive to renal congestion, an association between IRD parameters and ACRS has not been demonstrated in an ADHF population.

Hospitalized patients with ADHF (n= 21) or acute coronary syndrome (ACS; n= 21) were prospectively enrolled. Patients underwent echocardiography, including IRD, using a standard cardiac ultrasound transducer. Intrarenal venous flow was quantified with the renal venous stasis index (RVSI), defined as the duration of absent venous flow time divided by cardiac cycle duration. The primary outcome was acute kidney injury (AKI) as assessed using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria.

ADHF patients had a similar cardiac index (2.0 ± 0.6 vs 2.1± 0.4 L/min per m
,
= 0.91) but higher estherapy in this setting.
Radiation therapy (RT) is a standard cancer treatment modality, and an increasing number of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are being referred for RT. The goals of this study were as follows (i) to determine the incidence of CIED malfunction following RT; (ii) to characterize the various types of malfunctions that occur; and (iii) to identify risk factors associated with CIED malfunction following RT.

A retrospective study of patients with CIEDs who received RT between 2007 and 2018 at 4 Canadian centres (Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, and University of Ottawa Heart Institute) was conducted. Patients underwent CIED interrogation after completion of RT, to assess for late damage to the CIEDs. Data on demographics, devices, and RT were compared for the primary outcome of device malfunction.

Of 1041 patients with CIEDs who received RT, 811 patients with complete data were included. Device malfunctions occurred in 3between radiation oncologists and cardiac rhythm device clinics to optimize CIED monitoring are needed, to detect and manage CIED malfunctions. Malfunctions are more common in patients receiving higher-beam energy ( ≥ 10 MV ) RT.
Differentiation between precapillary and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) classically relies on mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (mPAWP). The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) is proposed as an equivalent alternative. However, mPAWP and LVEDP may differ substantially. We compared the impact of the choice of using the mPAWP vs the LVEDP on PH classification and mortality prediction in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing valve replacement.

In 335 patients with severe AS , both mPAWP and LVEDP were measured. A mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mm Hg was used to define PH, and either mPAWP or LVEDP was used to differentiate between precapillary and postcapillary PH (≤ 15 vs > 15 mm Hg). Mortality after a median follow-up of 1484 days after aortic valve replacement was assessed.

Overall, mPAWP was lower than LVEDP (16 ± 8 mm Hg vs 21 ± 8 mm Hg;
< 0.001). Among 140 patients (42%) with PH, the PAWP-based classification revealed 76 (54% of those with PH) with isolated postcapillary PH, 48 (34%) with combined pre- and postcapillary PH, and 16 (12%) with precapillary PH. When the LVEDP was used, 59 patients (42%) were differently classified. These patients had higher mortality than those who were not differently classified [hazard ratio 2.79 (95% confidence interval, 1.17-6.65);
= 0.02]. Higher mPAWP was associated with increased mortality [hazard ratio 1.07 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.11) per 1 mm Hg;
= 0.001], whereas higher LVEDP was not.

Use of LVEDP rather than mPAWP results in a divergent PH classification in nearly every second patient with severe AS. These patients have higher mortality after aortic valve replacement. The mPAWP, but not the LVEDP, predicts mortality.
Use of LVEDP rather than mPAWP results in a divergent PH classification in nearly every second patient with severe AS. These patients have higher mortality after aortic valve replacement. find more The mPAWP, but not the LVEDP, predicts mortality.
In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), selecting an antithrombotic regimen requires balancing risks of ischemic cardiac events, stroke, and bleeding.

We studied 467 patients with AF undergoing PCI in the time period from December 2015 to July 2018 identified via a chart audit by 47 Canadian cardiologists in the CONNECT AF+PCI (the
ordinated
ational
etwork to
ngage Interventional
ardiologists in the Antithrombotic
reatment of Patients With
trial
ibrillation Undergoing
ercutaneous
oronary
ntervention) study, to determine patterns of initial antithrombotic therapy selection.

The median (25th, 75th percentile) CHADS
score was 2 (1, 3), and PCI was performed in the setting of acute coronary syndrome in 62.1%. Triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) was the initial treatment in 62.7%, dual-pathway therapy in 25.7%, and dual antiplatelet therapy in 11.6%, with a temporal increase in use of dual-pathway therapy during the course of the undergoing PCI are treated with dual-pathway therapy in Canadian practice, with its use increasing during the studied period. Patients selected for dual-pathway therapy have less-complex coronary disease history and intervention.
Right ventricular (RV) enlargement is common in endurance athletes. It is usually considered to be physiological, but it is possible that this remodelling is adverse, manifesting as a variant of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), termed "exercise-induced ARVC." A novel biomarker (anti-desmoglein-2 [anti-DSG2] antibody) has been shown to indicate ARVC with high sensitivity and specificity and may be an immune response to breakdown of RV desmosomes. It is not known if this antibody is present in endurance athletes with RV enlargement but without clinical ARVC.

Middle-aged, healthy endurance athletes with RV enlargement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging had serum tested for the presence of the anti-DSG2 antibody. All athletes also underwent Holter monitoring, a signal-averaged electrocardiogram, and an exercise questionnaire.

A total of 30 athletes (20 men, 10 women, average age 53 ± 6 years) were enrolled in this study with median RV end-diastolic volume indexes of 117.1 mL/m
(micant RV remodelling, these athletes did not express a previously characterized pathologic biomarker known to be sensitive for ARVC. Physiological exercise remodelling and pathologic ARVC remodelling are likely separate processes.
Data are limited regarding the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in diverse populations. This study explores cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and mortality from ICD randomized controlled trials (RCTs), by sex, race, and age.

Five electronic databases (PubMed, Emcare, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature CINAHL) were searched for dates from their inception to July 12, 2021, for RCTs of ICD therapy in adult patients. Data were analyzed for clinical outcomes, including all-cause or CV death, and heart failure hospitalization (HFH).

Among 5 RCTs (mean age 63 years; 78% male; 76% White) with moderate overall risk of bias, clinical outcomes in patients with an ICD (n= 3260) vs a control group (n= 3685) were compared. No between-group sex differences were observed for all-cause death (odds ratio [OR] 0.86,
= 0.51), CV death (OR 0.98,
= 0.96), HFH (OR 0.95,
= 0.87), or HFH and all-cause death (OR 0.83,
= 0.51) in the ICD group, in a comparison of male vs female sex. All-cause death (OR 1.20,
= 0.67) did not differ for White vs Black patients receiving ICD therapy. Outcomes data for other non-White, non-Black race groups were often unreported. Most RCTs originated in North America, had male leadership, and were evenly sponsored by industry vs peer-reviewed funding.

Outcomes data are sparse, by sex, race, and age, in current RCTs evaluating ICD therapy. Although ICD patient outcomes did not significantly differ by sex or race, improved data analyses and reporting are needed to determine the relationship between these sociocultural factors and clinical outcomes among distinct ICD patient cohorts.
Outcomes data are sparse, by sex, race, and age, in current RCTs evaluating ICD therapy. Although ICD patient outcomes did not significantly differ by sex or race, improved data analyses and reporting are needed to determine the relationship between these sociocultural factors and clinical outcomes among distinct ICD patient cohorts.
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