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Among the top three contributors, 12. 13 mg of caffeine was derived from tea, milk tea and tea beverages(including solid drinks), with a contribution rate which reached 56. 01%, 4. 35 mg of caffeine was derived from coffee, with a contribution rate of 20. 09%, and 3. 31 mg of caffeine was derived from cola and energy drinks, with a contribution rate of 15. 30%, and there existed slightly difference of the top three contribution foods among 6-11 and 12-17 years old children and adolescents. CONCLUSION Children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Beijing City had low caffeine intake levels from snacks and there was little risk of overconsumption. Tea, milk tea and tea beverages(including solid drinks) was the major contributor to its caffeine exposure.OBJECTIVE To learn the knowledge level on "salt and health", and analyze the influence on related behavior among school teachers in four Chinese cities. METHODS The data of 2014 salt KAP among urban residents in China was used, with stratified random cluster sampling, a total of 2518(male 708, female 1810) school teachers were selected from four cities of China, including Shenyang, Wuhan, Chengdu and Guangzhou city. Self-filled questionnaire was used to collect the information on the salt intake knowledge and behavior. The statistical software package SAS version 9. 4 was used for data analysis. RESULTS Among the teachers in four Chinese cities, about 50. 9% of them knew the recommendation of salt intake, about 66. 6% of them knew sodium in the salt may influence health. Approximately 85. 3% of them knew eating long-term salty food may cause hypertension. The proportions of knowing salt intake among female, 40 years and older, below the undergraduate, higher family income teachers were higher than their countt intake recommended, not knowing that long-term salty food may cause hypertension, not knowing if their family members suffered from hypertension, active learning related knowledge were higher than their counterparts(P less then 0. 05). The teachers consumed soy sauce, bean paste, fried bread stick differently owing to their knowledge about this(P less then 0. 05). CONCLUSION The teachers in the four cities have grasped some knowledge on salt and health, but their related behaviors should be improved to reduce the salt intake.OBJECTIVE To understand the status of preschool children's feeding behavior, to analyse the feeding behavior of parents and its main influencing factors of children aged 3-5 years old. METHODS From August to December 2018, 10 kindergartens in Liaoning Province, Shanghai City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Guangdong Province and Sichuan Province were selected by means of convenient sampling. A survey of 1057 preschool children's caregivers was conducted using the caregiver feeding style questionnaire. Chi-square test and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the demographic characteristics of families with different feeding behaviors. RESULTS It was found that among the four feeding style, the authoritative type accounted for only 10. 3%, and the authoritarian type accounted for 36. 1%, followed by the indulgent type(35. 8%) and the uninvolved type(17. 8%). Parents of 5-year-old were more likely to adopt indulgent type(OR=2. 60, 95%CI 1. 60-4. 22);fathers with a college degree or above were more likely to adopt authoritarian type(OR=2. 77, 95%CI 1. 39-5. 52) and indulgent type(OR=3. 79, 95%CI 1. 86-7. 72); mothers as primary caregivers were more likely to adopt authoritarian feeding method(OR=2. 48, 95%CI 1. 06-5. 83) and grandparents as primary caregivers were more likely to adopt indulgent feeding method(OR=3. 49, 95%CI 1. 54-7. 91). CONCLUSION The proportion of children aged 3-5 whose parents adopt authoritarian, indulgent feeding method is higher. Among them, mothers are more likely to adopt authoritarian feeding behaviors, grandparents are more likely to adopt permissive feeding behaviors, and fathers with higher education are more likely to adopt authoritarian and permissive feeding behaviors.OBJECTIVE To investigate the perceived stress prevalence of adult residents aged 18-65 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) and its related factors. METHODS Adults aged 18 to 65 years, with middle school education or above and complete demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, disease history and physical measurements were selected as study subjects from the database of Nutritional Status and Health Transition of Chinese Residents Project in 2015. Selleckchem Ivacaftor Chinese perceived stress scale(CPSS) was used to evaluate the perceived stress level of participants, and percentile regression model was used to analyze the correlation between related factors and perceived stress. RESULTS A total of 6679 subjects were enrolled in this study. The mean and median of perceived stress scores were 22. 6 and 24. 0, respectively. The percentile regression model showed that age was positively associated with perceived stress in the 5 th, 25 th, 50 th and 95 th percentiles, and the difference between the tf physical activity had higher levels of perceived stress in the 25 th, 50 th, and 75 th percentiles than the control group(P25, β=1. 15, 95%CI 0. 41-1. 90; P50, β=1. 09, 95%CI 0. 62-1. 56; P75, β=0. 28, 95%CI 0. 07-0. 49). Urbanization level and alcohol consumption and other factors had influence on perceived stress in different percentile(P less then 0. 05). No significant correlation was found between housing ownership, smoking, sleep duration and perceived stress. CONCLUSION The perceived stress level of adult residents aged 18 to 65 in 15 provinces of China is on the high level on the whole, which is correlated with age, marital state employment, annual per capita income, physical activity level and other factors.OBJECTIVE To study the provincial prevalence of overweight and obesity among 0-5 years old children in China in 2013. METHODS Data was from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance among 0-5 years Children and Lactating Women in 2013. A stratified multistage cluster sampling was used among 0-5 years children from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities and selected 55 districts/counties. The weight and height measurement was conducted using a standard method. The questionnaire was used to collect the information of children. The WHO 2006 growth standard and WHO 2007 growth reference were used to define the overweight and obesity in children. The data was calculated using the post-stratified weight based on provincial census from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2010. RESULTS The sample participants were 32 861 in 2013. The provincial prevalence of overweight was in 3. 3%-16. 1% and in 0. 6%-9. 7% for obesity. Among the provinces with urban survey sites, the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity was Shandong(14.
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