Notes

Montmorillonite along with vital oils since antimicrobial real estate agents, the labels, repellents, and insecticides: an overview.
However, within the PAM population, HLA-B*27 did not correlate with clinical markers such as number of mutilating joints, radiographic scoring, disease duration and age of disease onset.

HLA-B*27 emerges as an important genotype marker for PAM.
HLA-B*27 emerges as an important genotype marker for PAM.
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of disorders characterised by the production of autoantibodies and inflammatory infiltrates in the skeletal muscles. Follicular T helper (TFH) cells are known to be crucial for B cell differentiation and autoantibody production in autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of TFH cells in IIM.

Circulating TFH cells in 44 IIM patients or 11 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) were measured by flow cytometry. ICOS, PD-1, active caspase-1 and Ki-67 expression in TFH cells was examined. #link# The correlations between the frequency of TFH cells and clinical disease activities were also analysed.

The frequency of TFH cells was 16.6% in IIM patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene (MDA5) antibody compared to 10.6% and 12.9% in anti-MDA5 negative patients or HCs, respectively (both p<0.05). The frequency of TFH cells was positively correlated with clinical disease activities patient/parent's assesse IIM and TFH cells might serve as a disease biomarker for this subset of patients.
To describe the long-term effectiveness and safety of certolizumab pegol in patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a real-world setting in France.

ECLAIR was a 3-year longitudinal, prospective, observational, multicentre study. The primary objective was to describe the EULAR response after 1 year of certolizumab pegol treatment. Other endpoints included DAS28, clinical disease activity index, health assessment questionnaire disability index, fatigue assessment scale, patient's assessment of arthritis pain, patient and physician global assessments of disease activity, patient quality of life, and long-term safety.

A total of 792 patients were enrolled, of whom 776 comprised the safety set, and 733 the full analysis set. In the full analysis set, 559, 469 and 430 patients had a 12-, 24- and 36-month visit, respectively. This included 378, 296 and 246 patients still receiving certolizumab pegol at these visits. The percentage of EULAR responders was 75.3% (305/405 patients with an available EULAR response) at 12, 76.5% (261/341) at 24, and 79.6% (226/284) at 36 months. Among those still receiving certolizumab pegol, the percentage of EULAR responders was 81.7% (237/290) at 12, 81.1% (185/228) at 24, and 87.3% (158/181) at 36 months. Sustained improvements were observed in other effectiveness outcomes. Overall, 45.1% (350/776) of patients experienced 776 adverse drug reactions. No new safety signals were identified.

This is the first prospective, observational study of an anti-TNF treatment in France. The results confirm the effectiveness and safety profile of certolizumab pegol treatment in patients with RA in a real-world setting.
This is the first prospective, observational study of an anti-TNF treatment in France. link2 The results confirm the effectiveness and safety profile of certolizumab pegol treatment in patients with RA in a real-world setting.
To determine prognostic factors for the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical practice.

ARS-853 datasheet evaluated 388 biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (bDMARD)-naïve Japanese patients with RA with moderate to high disease activity at study entry after being treated with conventional synthetic DMARDs. These patients were treated according to a treat-to-target (T2T) strategy for one year. The Disease Activity Score in 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and the HAQ-DI were assessed every three months. We also evaluated joint destruction using a modified total Sharp score at baseline and at one year. HAQ-DI progression was defined as the yearly progression of HAQ-DI >0.1. We performed a multiple logistic regression analysis to explore the factors predicting HAQ-DI progression at one year.

HAQ-DI progression was observed in 18% of the patients. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed the independent variables associated with HAQ-DI progression were DAS28-ESR >5.1 at baseline (odds ratio [OR] 0.31, 95% con dence interval [CI] 0.13-0.74, p=0.0083); HAQ-DI score at baseline <0.5 (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.22-4.26, p=0.0102); and achievement of low disease activity at 12 weeks (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21-0.82, p=0.0112).

Our data suggest that maintaining clinical improvement according to T2T and initiating the treatment at an early stage are important for functional improvement after one year and that patients with low baseline HAQ scores have a higher risk of HAQ disability progression.
Our data suggest that maintaining clinical improvement according to T2T and initiating the treatment at an early stage are important for functional improvement after one year and that patients with low baseline HAQ scores have a higher risk of HAQ disability progression.Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterised by aberrant activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Part of this hyper-activation is due to the interferon (IFN) system. Deregulated expression and activity of the type-I IFN system has been extensively studied in pSS. Type-III interferons (IFNs) are the latest addition to the IFN family, and exhibit potent anti-viral functions, similarly to type-I IFNs. More recently they have started to attract attention as key modulators in the interface of innate and adaptive immunity and chronic inflammation. Deregulated expression of type-III IFNs has been demonstrated in various autoimmune diseases over the last ten years. The scope of this review is to summarise recent findings regarding the biology of type-III IFNs in pSS. We highlight factors that regulate their induction, their downstream effects, their similarities and differences with type-I IFNs and their possible modes of action in Sjögren's syndrome. Finally, we discuss their potential benefits as targets for therapeutic intervention.
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT) increases the anti-tumoural function of the immune system, but it can also induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Our aim was to assess the irAEs due to ICBT in patients from a single centre of Northern Spain.

We set up an observational study of patients treated in monotherapy with ICBT targeted against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1) for solid organ tumours. All patients were followed up in a single University Hospital from March 2015 to September 2018.

We studied 102 patients (63 men/39 women); mean age 60.6±9.7 years, with lung (n=63), melanoma (n=21), kidney (n=11), gastric (n=3), colon (n=3) or bladder (n=1) cancer. Only 7 patients had a previous diagnosis of an immune-mediated disease, specifically psoriasis (n=2), psoriatic arthritis (n=1), systemic lupus erythematosus (n=1), spondyloarthitis (n=1), rheumatoid arthritis (n=1) and cutaneous lupus (n=1). One of the following ICBT was administered nivolumab (n=52), pembrolizumab (n=35), atezolizumab (n=10) and ipilimumab (n=5). After a mean follow-up time of 14.4±7.7 months since ICBT onset, 87 (85.3%) patients had experienced irAEs, mostly gastrointestinal, thyroid and musculskeletal manifestations including inflammatory arthralgia (n= 8), arthritis (n= 6) and myositis (n=2). ICBT was discontinued in 41 patients but it was reintroduced in 30 of them after resolution of the adverse event, with a good tolerance in all cases. Thirty-six (41.4%) of the 87 patients required specific treatment (prednisone, levothyroxine, and thiamazol) for the irAEs.

irAEs are frequent in patients undergoing ICBT. Almost half of the patients that have irAEs require treatment. Musculoskeletal manifestations are not uncommon.
irAEs are frequent in patients undergoing ICBT. Almost half of the patients that have irAEs require treatment. Musculoskeletal manifestations are not uncommon.
We aimed to characterise the frequency of thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and determine its time of onset during the course of the disease, and its severity and impact on mortality.

This was a single-centre cohort analysis of 707 patients with SLE followed for up to 40 years. We reviewed the patients' clinical notes identifying the presence of thrombocytopenia, its time of onset and ascertained other clinical and serological features of the disease. Thrombocytopenia was classified as mild (100-149x109/L), moderate (31-99x109/L) or severe (≤30x109/L platelets). It was also classified as asymptomatic, with minor bleeding or with major bleeding.

22.9% of patients (n=162) had thrombocytopenia prior to or during the course of SLE. Twenty-three patients (14.2%) had isolated immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) before the diagnosis of SLE. Median follow-up time was 19 years (IQR=13). Most patients (n=67, 41.4%) had mild thrombocytopenia. More than half the patients (n=98, 60.5%) developed asymp patients with SLE and thrombocytopenia have an increased mortality risk, as have those who develop concomitant thrombocytopenia and haemolytic anaemia.
Although the osteoarthritis (OA) burden is well-recognised, the benefit of currently available OA pharmacological therapy is not clear. This study aimed to assess whether the impact of OA pain on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), work, and healthcare resource utilisation (HRU) differed by both pain severity and prescription medication status.

This cross-sectional study used pooled data from the 2016/2017 European National Health and Wellness Survey. Respondents with self-reported physician-diagnosed OA and pain were included. Outcomes examined included HRQoL, health utility, health status, work productivity and activity impairment, and HRU. Groups derived from self-reported pain severity and prescription medication use were compared using chi-square tests, analysis of variance, and generalised linear models controlling for socio-demographics, health behaviours, and health status.

Respondents with OA (n=2417) reported mild (40.4%, of which 44.9% prescription-treated) and moderate to severe pain (59sed HRU compared to those not receiving prescription medications.
The aim of the study was to assess the direct costs for the Spanish Health System of patients with chronic inflammatory arthropathies treated with biological therapies in daily clinical practice and to establish possible factors associated with lower costs.

A descriptive, observational and retrospective study was conducted. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis who started a biological therapy between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2016 were included. Variables related to socioeconomic status, disease and biological therapy were included. The annual cost of biological treatment and other direct medical costs were calculated for each disease. The analysis of costs was based on the National Health Service perspective. link3 The time horizon comprised the 8-year long study period.

A total of 422 biological therapy lines were analysed. The annual biological therapy cost per patient was €12,494±3,865 for rheumatoid arthritis, €11,248±2,763 for ankylosing spondylitis and €12,263±35,155 for psoriatic arthritis (p=0.
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