Notes

Revisiting the particular heterogeneous worldwide genomic human population structure of Leishmania infantum.
05). Regarding the Bcl-2/Bax gene expression ratio, resveratrol treatment increased Bcl-2/Bax gene expression ratio in CESCs and EuESCs at 48 h (
<0.01). However, this treatment had no significant differential effect on Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax gene expression ratio between CESCs and EuESCs at 48 h.

Resveratrol treatment significantly increased Bcl-2/Bax gene expression ratio in EuESCs and CESCs but had no significant effect in EESCs.
Resveratrol treatment significantly increased Bcl-2/Bax gene expression ratio in EuESCs and CESCs but had no significant effect in EESCs.
Efflux pumps are involved in resistance of
isolates to antimicrobial agents. AdeABC efflux pump is one of the RND superfamily efflux pump and consists of
(membrane fusion),
(multidrug transporter) and
(outer membrane) genes. In this study, the frequency of
and
genes among
isolates with resistance to erythromycin, trimethoprim, meropenem and imipenem was investigated.

Overall, 79 strains of
were isolated from patients admitted to two major hospitals in Tehran during 2016. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was determined by disc diffusion and microdilution methods according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. The presence of
and
genes was also determined using Multiplex PCR assay.

The highest and the lowest resistance among
isolates were to trimethoprim (93%) and erythromycin (53%), respectively. The frequency of
and
genes was 96.2%, 96.2% and 91.1 % respectively. There was a significant relationship between imipenem resistance and presence of efflux pump genes (
<0.05).

According to the high prevalence of the AdeABC efflux system genes, it may involve in resistance of clinical isolates of
to imipenem, especially.
According to the high prevalence of the AdeABC efflux system genes, it may involve in resistance of clinical isolates of A. baumannii to imipenem, especially.
Unwanted pregnancy is a type of unplanned pregnancy that can endanger health of mother and child. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and its associated factors and consequences in Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in regions with low, moderate and high risk of maternal death. Two provinces were randomly selected in each region and 24 public health centers in each province during 2007-2012. Thereafter, 15-20 mothers, received at least one session of pregnancy care, were selected from each healthcare center. Data were gathered from both health records and interview with the mothers.

Of 2714 participants, 86.4% and 13.6% had respectively wanted and unwanted pregnancies. The underlying factors of unwanted pregnancy were determined as low distance with previous and next pregnancy, economic problems and have enough children. Moreover, there were significant relationships between unwanted pregnancy and place of residence, mother's age and education, father's education, pre-pregnancy care and number of previous pregnancies and children. There were also significant association between unwanted pregnancy and pregnancy care, anemia, exposure to risk factors and disease, intake of folic acid and iron, domestic violence, bitter memories and men's participation.

Although the prevalence of unwanted pregnancy has had a significant decrease in Iran, these mothers still require a higher level of educational, counseling and supportive services due to their low access to pregnancy care services and high exposure to associated risk factors.
Although the prevalence of unwanted pregnancy has had a significant decrease in Iran, these mothers still require a higher level of educational, counseling and supportive services due to their low access to pregnancy care services and high exposure to associated risk factors.
Although much medical knowledge comes from observational research, such studies are more prone to confounding and bias than others. This study was conducted to evaluate the adherence of the observational studies published in Iranian medical journals to the STROBE (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) statement.

In this cross-sectional study, we selected 150 articles of Iranian medical journals, using multistage sampling from Aug 2016 to Jun 2017. The reported items of the STROBE statement in the articles was determined and considered as the adherence of the articles to the statement. The adherence of the articles with different characteristics was compared.

The adherence of the articles to the statement varied from 24% to 68% with a mean score of 48%±9%. The lowest mean scores were found in the Result (36%) and Method (49%) sections. The adherence was significantly better in the articles published in the journals indexed in PubMed or Web of Knowledge (ISI) databases (
<0.001) and those written by cooperation of the authors from other countries (
=0.044).

The evaluated articles in our study had not adequately reported the items recommended by the STROBE statement. This indicates deficiency in key elements for readers to assess the validity and applicability of a study.
The evaluated articles in our study had not adequately reported the items recommended by the STROBE statement. This indicates deficiency in key elements for readers to assess the validity and applicability of a study.
Exposure to toxic metals remains a public health problem with lifelong impacts on childhood growth and development. We aimed to investigate metals effects on preschool children's anthropometric variables.

The study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, from Jul 2013 to Mar 2016. SMS 201-995 in vitro We measured scalp hair metal concentrations (lead, cadmium, arsenic, zinc, manganese, and cobalt), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, in 207 preschool children's (36 to 72 months old).

A significant negative correlation between children's hair lead levels and children's weight was found (r= -0.178,
). Linear regression analysis confirmed the relationship when adjusted for the confounders, including children's age, sex, height, family income, and maternal education (β= -0.191; t= -3.426,
< 0.01). The ANOVA analysis showed a significant (
<0.01) difference between hair lead level and children's weight-for-age percentiles. Totally and separately, in almost all weight percentiles, hair lead levels were higher in girls than boys.
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