Notes

Pathogenic NR2F1 variations result in a developmental ocular phenotype recapitulated in a mutant mouse button style.
As hypothesized, direct care of COVID-19 patients, exposure to patient death and suffering due to COVID-19, and family income loss due to COVID-19 predicted greater compassion fatigue, which in turn, predicted greater parental burnout, child abuse, child neglect, spouse conflict, and substance abuse, (IEs≥0.06, all ps<0.05). Also, as compassion satisfaction increased, parental burnout, child abuse, child neglect, spouse conflict, and substance abuse decreased, rs≥-0.203, ps<0.01.

Theoretical implications and practical implications for medical practice and child abuse prevention are discussed.
Theoretical implications and practical implications for medical practice and child abuse prevention are discussed.Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography has been used to diagnose acute pancreatitis (AP). The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of ARFI elastography in the diagnosis of AP. Studies examining the efficacy of ARFI elastography in AP were selected by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, ICTRP, and ClinicalTrial.gov. until September 2021. Meta-analyses were performed using random effects models. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to assess the certainty of the evidence. Eight case-control studies (994 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The ARFI-Virtual Touch Quantification value (or ARFI shear wave propagation velocity) of the AP patient group was 0.83 m/s higher (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36-1.3) than that in the control group (95% CI 1.0-1.28). The sensitivity and specificity of ARFI elastography for diagnosing AP were 98.3% (95% CI 92.6-96.6%) and 95.5% (95% CI 87.5-98.5%), respectively. The results showed that physicians could use ARFI elastography to accurately diagnose patients with AP. Additional well-designed studies are necessary to validate the efficacy of ARFI elastography in patients with AP.
The aims of this study were (1) to investigate willingness to pay (WTP) for preventive and curative dental care procedures and (2) to determine the factors that influence older adults' WTP for dental care.

Older, independently living adults from Singapore aged 60 years and older and eligible for government-subsidised dental care were nonrandomly recruited for this study. Data were collected using questionnaires and a clinical examination which recorded details of caries experience, number and distribution of posterior occluding contacts, prosthodontic status, and periodontal status. Using a contingent valuation method, participants were asked to rate WTP in Singapore dollars [SGD$] for 4 aspects of care dental fillings, dental scaling, dental extraction, and disease prevention advice. Negative binomial regression was used to assess the relationship between the predictor variables associated with WTP for dental fillings, scaling, extraction, and preventive advice.

The mean value of WTP for a dental filling was SGD$30.23 (SGD$31.05), for scaling was SGD$30.28 (SGD$29.46), for dental extraction was SGD$35.08 (SGD$58.54). In a multivariate model, factors associated with higher WTPfees were as follows (1) dental filling age (younger), level of education (higher), and frequency of dental visits (regular); (2) scaling level of education (higher), agree that dental problems affect overall health, and frequency of dental visits (regular); (3) dental extractions age (younger), level of education (higher), frequency of dental visits (regular), and prosthodontic status (not wearing); (4) preventive advice age (younger), gender (male), ethnicity (Chinese), level of education (higher), marital status (married), self-perceived oral health (good), and dental visits (regular).

The findings of our study suggest that older adults are willing to pay most for extraction and least for preventive advice.
The findings of our study suggest that older adults are willing to pay most for extraction and least for preventive advice.Active surveillance (AS) may be used in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), but consensus regarding its application is lacking. We report an exploratory analysis of prospectively collected specimens prespecified in the only modern clinical trial evaluating AS in mRCC. Whole-exome and RNA sequencing were performed for patients providing consent to identify putative biomarkers associated with time on AS (TAS), the primary endpoint. Log-rank tests and multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models were used for analyses. Patients with mutations in either TP53 or SMARCA4 tumor suppressor genes had shorter TAS (7.5 vs 14.2 mo; log-rank p = 0.004). While these patients exhibited features of aggressive disease clinically, the two-gene model was independently predictive in multivariable analyses (hazard ratio 3.30, 95% confidence interval 1.07-10.18; p = 0.038). In conclusion, insight into the underlying RCC biology improves patient selection for AS. If validated, this two-gene model could help in stratifying patients with mRCC and identifying those who are poor candidates for AS. PATIENT SUMMARY In this study, we analyzed tumors from patients with metastatic kidney cancer enrolled in a clinical trial of imaging surveillance. We found that tumors with mutations in either the TP53 or SMARCA4 gene progressed faster than tumors without these mutations. Thus, patients harboring mutations in these genes may not be good candidates for AS.
Men are more severely affected by COVID-19. Testosterone may influence SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immune response.

To clinically, epidemiologically, and experimentally evaluate the effect of antiandrogens on SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A randomized phase 2 clinical trial (COVIDENZA) enrolled 42 hospitalized COVID-19 patients before safety evaluation. We also conducted a population-based retrospective study of 7894 SARS-CoV-2-positive prostate cancer patients and an experimental study using an air-liquid interface three-dimensional culture model of primary lung cells.

In COVIDENZA, patients were randomized 21 to 5 d of enzalutamide or standard of care.

The primary outcomes in COVIDENZA were the time to mechanical ventilation or discharge from hospital. The population-based study investigated risk of hospitalization, intensive care, and death from COVID-19 after androgen inhibition.

Enzalutamide-treated patients required longer hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] for discharge from hospital 0.43, 95% con should not be used for prevention or treatment of COVID-19.
We studied whether inhibition of testosterone could diminish COVID-19 symptoms. We found no evidence of an effect in a clinical study or in epidemiological or experimental investigations. We conclude that androgen inhibition should not be used for prevention or treatment of COVID-19.
The risk of high-grade prostate cancer, given a family history of cancer, has been described in the general population, but not among men selected for prostate biopsy in an international cohort.

To estimate the risk of high-grade prostate cancer on biopsy based on a family history of cancer.

This is a multicenter study of men undergoing prostate biopsy from 2006 to 2019, including 12 sites in North America and Europe. All sites recorded first-degree prostate cancer family histories; four included more detailed data on the number of affected relatives, second-degree relatives with prostate cancer, and breast cancer family history.

Multivariable logistic regressions evaluated odds of high-grade (Gleason grade group ≥2) prostate cancer. Separate models were fit for family history definitions, including first- and second-degree prostate cancer and breast cancer family histories.

A first-degree prostate cancer family history was available for 15 799 men, with a more detailed family history for 4617 (mediries of men selected for prostate biopsy, finding a high-grade prostate cancer was more likely in men with a family history of prostate or breast cancer.
There is uncertainty regarding the most appropriate criteria for recruitment, monitoring, and reclassification in active surveillance (AS) protocols for localised prostate cancer (PCa).

To perform a qualitative systematic review (SR) to issue recommendations regarding inclusion of intermediate-risk disease, biopsy characteristics at inclusion and monitoring, and repeat biopsy strategy.

A protocol-driven, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA)-adhering SR incorporating AS protocols published from January 1990 to October 2020 was performed. The main outcomes were criteria for inclusion of intermediate-risk disease, monitoring, reclassification, and repeat biopsy strategies (per protocol and/or triggered). Clinical effectiveness data were not assessed.

Of the 17 011 articles identified, 333 studies incorporating 375 AS protocols, recruiting 264 852 patients, were included. Only a minority of protocols included the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for recruitmenthe literature to issue new recommendations on active surveillance (AS) for managing localised prostate cancer. The recommendations include setting criteria for including men with more aggressive disease (intermediate-risk disease), setting thresholds for close monitoring of men with low-risk but more extensive disease, and determining when to perform repeat biopsies (within 2 yr and 3 yearly thereafter).
To characterize human-gingival-fibroblast-(HGFs) viability, proliferation and adhesion on polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network-(PICN), polyetheretherketone-(PEEK), hydroxyapatite-reinforced-polyetheretherketone-(HA-PEEK), polyetherketoneketone-(PEKK), as well as conventional titanium-(Ti) and zirconia ceramic-(Zr) implant materials in-vitro.

Six materials (n=40/group, 240 specimens) were standardized for surface roughness, assessed employing water contact angle measurements (WCA) and loaded with HGFs. HGF viability and proliferation were assessed at 24 and 72h. Cell adhesion strength was evaluated after 24h exposure to lateral shear forces using a shaking-device at 320 and 560-rpm.and qualitatively tested by scanning-electron-microscopy-(SEM) at 3, 24 and 72h.

PICN demonstrated the lowest mean WCA (48.2±6.3º), followed by Zr (73.8±5.1º), while HA-PEEK showed the highest WCA (87.2±1.5º; p≤0.05). After 24h, Zr showed the highest mean HGFs-viability rate (88±14%), while PEKK showed the lowest one (78±7%). Ay properties, Zr exhibited the strongest adhesion strength at high shaking. Lirafugratinib Within the current study's limitations, Zr remains the most biocompatible abutment material.
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques use barrier membranes to augment the alveolar ridge for the site-specific growth of bone defects. However, current approaches using cast metal substructures exhibit poor adaptation to the surgical site and increased risk of infection. This study aimed to fabricate multi-functional coatings with 3D-printed porous titanium-niobium (Ti-Nb) alloy meshes to maintain space, prevent the ingrowth of fibroblasts and inhibit the colonization of bacteria for GBR.

Ti-Nb alloy meshes were prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) and used as substrates for novel surface coatings. Porous chitosan (CS)/ gelatin (G)/ doxycycline (Dox) coatings were formed on the meshes using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and freeze-drying. The process of EPD was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), zeta potential, and particle size analysis. The cytotoxicity of the coatings was evaluated through the culture of osteoblasts and immunostaining. The antibacterial activity of the coatings was tested using inhibition zone tests against Staphylococcus aureus (S.
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