Notes

Snooze unhealthy breathing signs and symptoms are usually connected with depressive symptoms: Any longitudinal review of Chinese adolescents.
The main sources of information of the participants are their family members and their doctors.

General knowledge about strokes is scarce among the general population. Nonetheless, the attitude of most of the participants is adequate as they choose to contact specialized Emergency Services.
General knowledge about strokes is scarce among the general population. Nonetheless, the attitude of most of the participants is adequate as they choose to contact specialized Emergency Services.
The state of emergency and national lockdown declared in Spain over the coronavirus pandemic markedly impaired routines and access towards health services supports for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This population is of particular vulnerability towards sudden changes and is distinguished by their complex management.

The main goal was to qualitatively assess the psychosocial and mental state of children diagnosed with ASD affiliated to the Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, during and after the first lockdown period.

A survey was administered to relatives of 65 boys and girls with a main diagnosis of ASD.

A worsening of key A symptoms was reported during lockdown. In addition, the use of new technologies, intake between meals, and anxiety symptoms increased. Recovery after lockdown was not complete in our sample.

These results highlight the need for planning specific supports for minors with ASD and for resources to reverse the effects on routines, habits, and school returnal.
These results highlight the need for planning specific supports for minors with ASD and for resources to reverse the effects on routines, habits, and school returnal.
Stroke hospitalization negatively affects mood. Clinical guidelines recommend early evaluation of mood disorders. However, there is no consensus on the most appropriate scale in Spanish language.

The objective of the study is the cross-cultural adaptation of the Signs of Depression Scale (SODS) in patients admitted to the stroke unit of the Hospital del Mar.

The work scheme for transcultural adaptation into Spanish was a) direct translation; b) reconciliation and synthesis of translations; c) reverse translation into English; d) consensus of the back-translated version with original author; e) cognitive interrogation; f) revision and consensus version in Spanish; g) reading test, spelling, and grammar check; h) final version. Analysis and descriptive summary of the adaptation process was performed.

There were no differences between direct translation versions. The back-translation version was accepted by the author of the original questionnaire. A convenience sample of patients with/without aphasia (n = 22) was included for cognitive interview from which no major problems were identified in the implementation of the questionnaire. Inclusive language was used in the final version.

The transcultural adaptation of the scale allows in a simple and early way the evaluation mood in patients admitted to the stroke unit. The Spanish version is equivalent to the original instrument. This adaptation can be incorporated into care in the Stroke Unit and is extrapolated to other Spanish-speaking centres.
The transcultural adaptation of the scale allows in a simple and early way the evaluation mood in patients admitted to the stroke unit. The Spanish version is equivalent to the original instrument. This adaptation can be incorporated into care in the Stroke Unit and is extrapolated to other Spanish-speaking centres.
The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to overlap with the seasonal influenza epidemic, increasing the risk of overextending the health system capacity in Switzerland. Influenza vaccine uptake has remained low in most countries, including Switzerland. The aim of the study was to determine parents' intentions towards influenza vaccination of their children as well as themselves, and to assess regional differences.

Parents presenting to four pediatric emergency departments (PEDs; Zurich, Bern, Bellinzona, Geneva) were asked to complete an online survey during and after the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic (April - June 2020). The anonymized survey included demographic information, vaccination history and intentions to vaccinate against influenza, as well as attitudes towards future vaccination against COVID-19.

The majority of children (92%; 602/654) were up-to-date on their vaccination schedule.In 2019/2020,7.2% (47/654) were vaccinated against influenza. Children with chronic illnesses were more frequenc resulted in a substantial increase of parents' intention to vaccinating their children against influenza, especially in hard-hit "Latin" Switzerland. The Swiss government and public health organizations can leverage these regional results to promote influenza vaccination among children for the coming seasons.Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) lurks in cranial nerves and other brain ganglias after infection. Because middle cerebral artery (MCA) receives the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia afferent innervations, the reactivated VZV infects the adventitia and intima of cerebral artery wall probably through this way and causes vascular inflammation, finally resulting in artery remodeling, vessel occlusion, and ischemia. In fact, there is a growing clinical recognition that there is an association between VZV reactivation and subsequent stroke. Here, we showed a case of ischemic stroke secondary to varicella-zoster virus meningoencephalitis and reviewed the literature to emphasize the importance of VZV-associated vasculopathy.
For low- and middle-income countries, the forecasted incremental value to society created by a class of new prescription drugs would be a useful criterion to prioritize the licensing, subsidization, and provision of new drugs.

We provide a methodology to forecast the value of a new class of drugs, defined as the incremental value obtained in the scenario in which the new class of drugs is available along with existing drugs compared with the scenario of existing drugs only. We forecasted the value created by direct-acting antiviral drugs to treat chronic hepatitis C in India.

We conducted a physician survey together with an aggregate multinomial logit model to forecast for each patient type the fraction of physicians who would prescribe the new drug under different scenarios. Value was determined by the monetary equivalent of increased life expectancy, reduced disability, and decreased future infection of others, minus drug cost, all treatment-related costs, and the cost of side effects.

We forecasted that the introduction of direct-acting antiviral drugs is likely to create USD11.5 billion of value in India over a 5-year period, based on a 'realistic' assumption about the growth rate of India's per capita GDP. Under 'pessimistic' and 'optimistic' assumptions about the growth rate, the value changes to USD6.5 and 22.5 billion, respectively.

There is major value likely to be created by the new direct-acting antiviral drugs in treating hepatitis C in India; this is consistent with the Indian Government's decision to provide the drugs free of cost.
There is major value likely to be created by the new direct-acting antiviral drugs in treating hepatitis C in India; this is consistent with the Indian Government's decision to provide the drugs free of cost.The first version of the pharmacoeconomic (PE) guidelines was published in South Korea in 2006. Despite its first revision in 2011, there were still ambiguities in its interpretation. Moreover, methodologies for estimating effectiveness and costs have also evolved since then. Under these circumstances, the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service published the third version in January 2021. This article reviews the revision process and major changes made in the new edition of the PE guidelines. The revision was processed through reviews of the previous 50 PE submissions, international guidelines, academic literature, and surveys and advisory meetings to obtain stakeholders' opinions. The analysis perspective has changed from a limited societal perspective to a healthcare system perspective. In addition to the drug with the highest market share, drugs used in clinical trials can be selected as comparators under certain conditions. The discount rate decreased from 5% to 4.5%. Furthermore, the revised guidelines provide more detailed and specific instructions for items including non-inferiority margin, extrapolation, utility elicitation, and uncertainty. Treatment switch and co-dependent technology guidelines are newly included; the budget impact analysis guideline is deleted. Through this revision, transparency and consistency of decision-making is expected to improve.Ingestion of magnetic foreign bodies in pediatric settings has become more common in the last years due to the marketing of various toys containing small magnetic parts. Most magnets, especially if a single element is ingested, usually pass through the gastrointestinal tract without complications. However, ingestion of multiple magnets or magnets and small metallic components may require a prompt intervention due to the risk of attraction across bowel layers, leading to pressure necrosis, perforation, and even death. Routinely, serial radiological evaluations are needed to follow the progression of magnets through the intestine, while the role of small bowel ultrasound is regarded as marginal. Here we report a case of a 5-years old boy who ingested 8 magnets and in which small bowel ultrasound was pivotal for the correct assessment of magnets location to correct address the surgical approach.
The aim of this article was to comprehensively review the relationship between light exposure and myopia with a focus on the effects of the light wavelength, illuminance, and contrast on the occurrence and progression of myopia.

This review was performed by searching PubMed data sets including research articles and reviews utilizing the terms "light", "myopia", "refractive error", and "illuminance", and the review was concluded in November 2021. Myopia onset and progression were closely linked with emmetropization and hyperopia. To better elucidate the mechanism of myopia, some of the articles that focused on this topic were included. This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

The pathogenesis and prevention of myopia are not completely clear. see more Studies have provided evidence supporting the idea that light could affect eye growth in three ways. Changing the corresponding conditions will cause changes in the growth rate and mode of the eyes, and preliminary results have shown that FR/NIR (far red/near-infrared) light is effective for myopia in juveniles.

This review discusses the results of studies on the effects of light exposure on myopia with the aims of providing clues and a theoretical basis for the use of light to control the development of myopia and offering new ideas for subsequent studies.
This review discusses the results of studies on the effects of light exposure on myopia with the aims of providing clues and a theoretical basis for the use of light to control the development of myopia and offering new ideas for subsequent studies.
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