Notes

Suffers from and classes learned coming from a couple of personal, hands-on microbiome bioinformatics work spaces.
Regional ecological quality is largely affected by human activities, which restricts the sustainable development of regional economy. Taking the China-Laos railway economic belt as an example, we investigated the effects of human activities on ecological quality. The remote sensing images of 1999, 2009 and 2019 were selected to calculate remote sensing ecological index (RSEI). Spatial autocorrelation statistics and local G statistics were used to explore the spatial-temporal variations of ecological quality in the study area. Combined with the population density in the same period, a geographically weighted regression model was constructed to quantitatively analyze the ecological effects of different human activity intensities in the study area. The results showed that the ecological quality in the study area presented a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing later from 1999 to 2019, and that the mean value of RSEI varied from 0.645 (1999) to 0.738 (2009) and then decreasing to 0.721 in 2019. Specialthe deterioration of ecological quality in the potential and current sensitive regions.It is of great significance to understand the spatial-temporal change of soil erosion in the Southern Yunnan Mountainous Area, especially for soil and water conservation planning and ecolo-gical protection in the world cultural heritage area. Based on the RUSLE model and GIS/RS space information technology, we examined the spatial-temporal variation of soil erosion and its relationship with environmental factors in Yuanyang County from 2005 to 2015. The results showed that, during the study period, the spatial differentiation of soil erosion in Yuanyang County was substantial. The soil erosion area was concentrated on the southeast and southwest region. Bcl-2 inhibitor Erosion widely distributed among both sides of Tengtiao River. Extreme and severe erosion presented a point distribution pattern. The average soil erosion modulus was 11.06 t·hm-2·a-1 from 2005 to 2015. The erosion level was basically slight and mild, accounting 80% of the total. Mild and moderate erosion contributed nearly 50% of total annual soil erosion, which was the key level of soil erosion control. During the study period, soil erosion had been slowed down with the improvement of forest cover. The terrain was complicated and changeable in Yuanyang County, and soil erosion distribution had a prominent correlation with altitude and slope. The formation of this distribution pattern was driven by numerous natural and human factors. The key area of soil and water protective governance were below 500 m, above 1500 m and slope located at 25°-45°.Southwestern China is an important ecologically resource area and ecologically fragile area in China, which plays an important role in the national project of "Clear Waters and Green Mountains". Based on land use data set with a 1 km spatial resolution and combined with land use transfer matrix, we analyzed the characteristics and driving forces of land use change in Southwest China from 2000 to 2015. Based on the MODIS remote sensing index, we calculated the vegetation coverage in Southwest China using the dimidiate pixel model, and analyzed the changes of the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and vegetation coverage. Results showed that the main land types were woodland, cropland and grassland. The built-up land area increased by 5874 km2(55.8%), the cropland area decreased by 6211 km2, and grassland decreased by 2099 km2. From 2000 to 2015, the area that had been changed to built-up land was the largest, mainly from cropland (contributed 68.2%), woodland (contributed 19.2%) and grassland (contributed 13.1%). The transformed areas were mostly close to urban area. The area and rate for the transformation of cropland were 7079 km2 and 2.2% respectively, accounting for 46.0% of all the transferred out areas. Most of the woodland were transformed from grassland (61.8%), mainly distributed in central and southern Guizhou and western Yunnan. Both NDVI and vegetation coverage were significantly increased, indicating that the whole region was greening. NDVI of both natural vegetation and cropland increased significantly, while the NDVI of areas with expanded build-up land decreased. Therefore, natural vegetation and cropland dominated the vegetation change in this region. Results of the resi-dual analysis showed that both climate change and human activities contributed significantly to the greening trend.The wastes such as sewage sludge (SS) can be used to amend soil of abandoned rare-earth mine land (ARL). The energy plant Jatropha curcas could be used as a pioneer tree species in the ARL. In a pot experiment to address the responses of growth and element uptake of J. curcas, three treatments were established adding SS to the soil of ARL (T1), adding SS and bagasse to the soil of ARL (T2), adding SS, bagasse and passivator to the soil of ARL (T3), with the untreated soil of the ARL as the control (CK). The results showed that compared with CK, T1 only significantly increased the plant height of J. curcas, T2 and T3 significantly increased the plant height, ground diameter and dry biomass of J. curcas, of which the total dry biomass increased by more than 184.7%. All the three treatments significantly increased the contents of N, P, K and Cu in J. curcas. T1 and T2 significantly increased the proportion of exchangeable Zn, Cd and Ni in the substrates, while T3 showed the opposite effects. T3 significantly decreased the migration factor (M) and mobility factor (MF) of Zn, Cd, Ni in the substrates, and significantly reduced the contents of Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni in J. curcas, with an inhibition rate of over 36.1%. The comprehensive evaluation of the membership function showed that the order of growth promotion effects on J. curcas was T2>T3>T1>CK, while the order of capacity of inhibiting J. curcas to accumulate Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni was T3>CK>T2>T1. The combined application of SS and bagasse significantly promoted the growth and element accumulation of J. curcas, and the addition of passivator significantly reduced heavy metals uptake without affecting the growth of J. curcas.To evaluate the spatial distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal content in Xiwuzhumuqin Banner, Inner Mongolia, we analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of soil Cu, Cr, Pb, and Mn contents within 8 km distance of the mining area. Results showed that the contents of Cu, Cr, Pb and Mn in soil were 12.7, 32.6, 29.9 and 201.3 mg·kg-1, and their coefficients of variation were 26.8%, 33.9%, 27.1% and 45.7%, respectively. According to the model fitting by semi-variance function, the spatial distribution of Cu, Cr, Pb and Mn were consistent with the Gaussian model, Gaussian model, Gaussian model and linear model, respectively. Results of the spatial distribution pattern analysis showed that the spatial correlation levels of Mn, Cr and Cu were high, which were mainly affected by structural factors, but little affected by random factors. The spatial correlation level of Pb element was moderate, which was affected by both structural factors and random factors. Results of the fractal dimension analysis showed that the spatial distribution of four heavy metal contents was simple. Combined with 2D and 3D views, the four types of heavy metals all presented gradient distribution, which decreased with the increases of distance. The contents of Cu and Mn were mainly concentrated within 1.5 km from the mining area, while Cr and Pb were mainly concentrated within 2.0 km and 3.0 km from the mining area, respectively.Accurate spatial distribution information of soil properties would be helpful for improving the accuracy of soil organic carbon storage estimation. In this study, terrain factors were used as predictors, and the fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering method was used to make digital soil prediction mapping for soil organic carbon content, soil bulk density, soil depth, and soil gravel content in Nanshan forest farm in Jiyuan City of Henan Province. Based on the digital mapping results, the prediction mapping of soil organic carbon density and the estimation of soil organic carbon storage were realized. The results showed that the average soil organic carbon density in the study area based on the digital soil mapping method was 4.24 kg·m-2, the mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the prediction map were 0.08, 2.80 and 5.03 kg·m-2, respectively. The accuracy, stability and reliability of the prediction results were higher than the tradiation methods. The soil organic carbon storage in the study area was estimated to be 3.08×108 kg. Based on the digital soil mapping technology, only a small number of soil samples could be used to map and estimate the soil organic carbon density with high accuracy, which could characterize the spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon density. This study provided a new way to estimate soil organic carbon storage, which would help to improve the accuracy and efficiency of soil organic carbon storage estimation.Studying the effects of rainfall regimes such as rainfall amount and timing on soil carbon mineralization is of great importance for our understanding the mechanisms underlying the stability and accumulation of soil carbon in coastal salt marshes. In this study, we examined the responses of soil carbon mineralization (CO2 and CH4 fluxes) from undisturbed soil columns to rainfall events in different seasons (dry and wet seasons) with filed experiments in a primary Suaeda salsa region in the Yellow River Delta salt-marsh wetland, which is far away from the coast and not affected by tides. The results showed that rainfall amount and timing had a significant interaction in affecting soil CO2 flux rates. During the dry season, large rainfall events significantly reduced soil CO2 flux rates but had no significant effect in the wet season, which might be closely related to the significant increase in soil water content and salinity. Rainfall amount, rainfall timing and their interactions had no significant effect on soil CH4 efflux rates. Rainfall timing and rainfall amount did not affect CH4/CO2. CH4/CO2 increased with increasing soil water content and salinity. Soil water content and soil salinity showed similar increases to increasing rainfall amount. Our results suggested that the changing rainfall regime under climate change in the future would have a great impact on soil carbon mineralization and carbon sink function by regulating soil water and salt migration in this region.Peat bogs, which cover only 3% of the global land surface, store about 30% of the global soil carbon (C), and are important carbon pools in terrestrial ecosystems. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important part of carbon cycle in peatland, and also an important participant in biogeo-chemical process of peat. The variation of redox ability of DOM and inorganic ions in surface water, groundwater, and pore water of two sampling peatland (minerotrophic fen, LB; ombrotrophic bog, OS) were analyzed using novel electrochemical method and stable carbon isotope. The results showed that in the LB plot, inorganic elements were rich, and that anaerobic respiration dominated by inorganic electron acceptor was the main process. The redox ability differed across different LB water sources (surface water, groundwater, and pore water), which was mainly affected by the actual redox potentials. Iron and sulfate were generally in reduced state in the profile of pore water. The reaction level and depth of redox active groups of DOM which participated in redox process were influenced by inorganic electron acceptor.
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