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Little is known about the presence of 3-epi-25 hydroxyvitamin D in maternal and neonatal circulation, the extent of its contribution to total 25 hydroxyvitamin D, or factors influencing its levels.

A total of 1502 and 1321 archived maternal and umbilical cord serum samples from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study cohort from Hong Kong were assayed for 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, and isomeric form of 25(OH)D3 (3-epi-25(OH)D3) by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method.

Vitamin D deficiency (total serum 25(OH)D level < 50 nmol/L) and severe vitamin D deficiency (total serum 25(OH)D level < 25 nmol/L) occurred in 590 (39.3%) and 25 (1.7%) mothers, respectively. 3-epi-25(OH)D3 could be detected in 94.5% of maternal and 92.1% of neonatal umbilical sera, with the highest 3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels contributing to 19.9% and 15.3% of the maternal and umbilical cord sera 25(OH)D3 levels, respectively. Pregnancy with a male fetus, ambient solar radiation, and maternal glycemia and 25(OH)D3 levels were independent factors associated with maternal 3-epi-25(OH)D3 level. Advanced maternal age, multiparity, maternal gestational weight gain below the Institute of Medicine recommendation, maternal glycemic status, and earlier gestational age at delivery were significantly associated with higher umbilical cord serum 3-epi-25(OH)D3.

3-epi-25(OH)D3 accounted for a significant portion of total 25(OH)D in maternal and neonatal circulations. Further study is needed to determine the possible mechanism underlying this observation.
3-epi-25(OH)D3 accounted for a significant portion of total 25(OH)D in maternal and neonatal circulations. Further study is needed to determine the possible mechanism underlying this observation.
The present study aimed to document the economic profiles of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in Hong Kong SAR, Indonesia, mainland China, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the evidence on which is currently absent.

Decision tree models were developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines at a population vaccination rate of 50% in the base case, which was an estimate of feasible vaccination coverage according to previous studies. Epidemiological, mortality, cost, and health state utility information were sourced from the literature. Vaccine efficacy against COVID-19 cases by severity were estimated using meta-analyses of publicly accessible phase 3 trial results of inactivated vaccines. The health outcomes were quantified as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and compared across the vaccination and no vaccination strategies. In scenario analyses, incidence and vaccination rates were changed semi-continuously over spectrums, the results of which were presented as inactivated COVID-19 vaccines should be considered in these jurisdictions.Even though global health has been steadily improved, the global disease burden associated with communicable and non-communicable diseases extensively increased healthcare expenditure. The present COVID-19 pandemic scenario has again ascertained the importance of clinical diagnostics as a basis to make life-saving decisions. In this context, there is a need for developing next-generation integrated smart real-time responsive biosensors with high selectivity and sensitivity. The emergence of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas biosensing systems has shown remarkable potential for developing next-generation biosensors. Selleck MCC950 CRISPR/Cas integrated electrochemical biosensors (E-CRISPR) stands out with excellent properties. In this opinionated review, we illustrate the rapidly evolving applications for E-CRISPR-integrated detection systems towards biosensing and the future scope associated with E-CRISPR based diagnostics.
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) are skeletal dysplasias associated with premature osteoarthritis and short stature. Patients with SED often have spinal and ocular problems. Few reports have focused on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with skeletal dysplasias associated with premature osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the HRQoL of adult patients with MED and SED.

Questionnaires covering demographics, medical history (cataract, retinal detachment, and osteoarthritis), surgical history (osteotomy and arthroplasty), and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) health survey were sent to all patients with MED and SED with medical records at the investigators' institutions. Among the 27 patients who completed the questionnaire, patients aged 20 years or older were included in this cohort.

The subjects were 18 affected individuals. The physical component summary score (PCS) was significantly lower in the MED and SED groups than in the normal population and tended to deteriorate with age. Conversely, there was a positive correlation between the mental component summary score and age. The role/social component summary score was not correlated with age. MED patients with osteoarthritis had a low PCS. PCS was particularly low in two SED patients with a medical history of cataract, whereas there was no association with a history of retinal detachment or osteoarthritis.

The physical domain of HRQoL in MED and SED patients significantly deteriorated at a young age. link2 Appropriate medical management of these skeletal dysplasias is required not only for orthopedic functions but also for ocular problems.
The physical domain of HRQoL in MED and SED patients significantly deteriorated at a young age. Appropriate medical management of these skeletal dysplasias is required not only for orthopedic functions but also for ocular problems.[This corrects the article on p. E584-E573 in vol. 2.].[This corrects the article on p. E584-E495 in vol. 2.].
Influenza is a major public health issue. Indeed, in Italy there were 7.6 million symptomatic cases of influenza in the 2019/2020 influenza season (from October 2019 to April 2020). The aim of this study is to analyse the circulation of influenza A and B viruses in hospitalized adult and elderly patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) at Le Scotte University Hospital in Siena.

Oropharyngeal swabs were taken from SARI patients, who also completed a questionnaire recording their underlying diseases and vaccination status. Total RNA was extracted from each respiratory swab by means of the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini kit, and RT-PCR was carried out. All statistical analyses were performed by means of GraphPad Prism 6 software and STATA.

In this study we collected 68 swabs. The average age of subjects was 79.4 years (C.I. 76.6-82.3) and 52.9% were female. The subjects had fever (89.7%), fatigue (77%), headache (47%), cough (75%), sore throat (70.5%), and breathlessness (63.2%). We found that 20% of the 68 subjects were positive (13% for A H3N2 and 7% for A H1N1). Of the 68 subjects, 25% had received a seasonal influenza vaccine (91.6% trivalent and 8.4% quadrivalent).

Our study is important in order to determine the timing and spread of influenza viruses and track changes in circulating influenza viruses, so as to inform seasonal influenza vaccine composition. Seasonal vaccination is considered the most effective way to prevent influenza and its complications.
Our study is important in order to determine the timing and spread of influenza viruses and track changes in circulating influenza viruses, so as to inform seasonal influenza vaccine composition. Seasonal vaccination is considered the most effective way to prevent influenza and its complications.
Considering the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women and the role of quality of sexual life in women's life and health, in addition to the important role of sexual function evaluation in measuring quality of life, this study aimed to determine the effect of female sexual function on the quality of sexual life.

This research was a descriptive and cross-sectional. The population of this study was 420 women from Qazvin in 2020, who were selected by multi-stage sampling. The data collection tool was a demographic questionnaire and Persian version of the Female Sexual Function Assessment questionnaire (FSFI) and Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire (SQOL-F). Data were analyzed using SPSS 23, and descriptive statistics and logistic regression were applied.

The mean (SD) of sexual function score was 21.56 (4.83) out of 36, therefore, it was at an unfavorable level. Also, the mean (SD) score of sexual quality of life 59.71 (19.21) was out of 108 (moderate). The results of logistic regression test showed that the variables of sexual function, age and level of education of women were the factors affecting the quality of women's sexual life (P < 0.05).

Young women with lower sexual function, and lower level of education had lower quality of sexual life. link3 Hence, it is necessary to pay more attention to these women in designing educational programs for improving the quality of their sexual life.
Young women with lower sexual function, and lower level of education had lower quality of sexual life. Hence, it is necessary to pay more attention to these women in designing educational programs for improving the quality of their sexual life.
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has risen dramatically since its introduction in 2004. Nurses play a critical role in screening, disease prevention and smoking cessation for their patient. Their knowledge and attitude related to e-cigarettes will play a major part in development of tobacco control activities.

Thus, this study was conducted to determine the knowledge and attitude toward e-cigarettes among undergraduate nursing students in the Philippines.

The participants of the study were 122 level four nursing students of West Visayas State University, Iloilo city, Philippines. A standardized self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data and statistical analyses were performed.

Majority of the participants were female, were never smokers and were aware or conscious of the existence of the e-cigarettes but had poor knowledge on e-cigarettes. Furthermore, in terms of attitude the students as an entire group had a positive attitude opposing e-cigarette use. Never and former smokers had positive attitude opposing e-cigarette use while current smokers had negative attitude supporting e-cigarette use. There was no significant relationship between knowledge and attitude of nursing students towards e-cigarettes.

Nursing students did not have adequate knowledge regarding e-cigarettes but maintained a positive attitude opposing e-cigarette use. Poor knowledge did not influence the attitude of participants towards e-cigarettes.
Nursing students did not have adequate knowledge regarding e-cigarettes but maintained a positive attitude opposing e-cigarette use. Poor knowledge did not influence the attitude of participants towards e-cigarettes.
The biological effects of noise depend on its physical parameters, combination with other hazards, the content of acoustic signals. This article aimed to analyze the difference in biological effects caused by the selection of nonverbal and verbal signals in conditions of a high level of work intensity.

Work conditions, physical characteristics of noise, levels of work intensity were studied among 75 telephone operators and 96 geophone operators. Levels of permanent hearing thresholds, evaluated by pure-tone audiometry, and results of self-estimation of operators' health were compared. The contribution of the content of acoustic signals in the shifting of hearing thresholds was evaluated by the one-way analysis of variance.

Selection of acoustic signals in the noise background (< 65 dB), in conditions of high work intensity, causes a significant increase of permanent hearing thresholds in both studied groups comparing to the non-noise exposed population. A combination of the high level of work intensity and distinguishing of nonverbal acoustic messages leads to significant deterioration of health resulting in decreasing of hearing sensitivity and a number of complaints on the state of health (p < 0.
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