Notes

Practical use associated with bioelectrical impedance investigation along with ECW ratio as being a guidance with regard to water operations throughout really unwell individuals following operation.
Many of these effects are heterogeneous between demographic groups and across contexts, which suggests systematic differences in women's vulnerability or preferred responses to armed conflict. Additional analyses suggest that conflict-related fertility declines may be driven by delays or reductions in marriage. These results contribute new evidence about the demographic effects of conflict and their underlying mechanisms, and broadly underline the importance of studying the second-order effects of organized violence on vulnerable populations.
A dental splint was developed for non-invasive rigid point-based registration in electromagnetically (EM) navigated mandibular surgery. Navigational accuracies of the dental splint were compared with the common approach, that is, using screws as landmarks.

A dental splint that includes reference registration notches was 3D printed. Different sets of three points were used for rigid point-based registration on a mandibular phantom notches on the dental splint only, screws on the mandible, contralateral screws (the side of the mandible where the sensor is not fixated) and a combination of screws on the mandible and notches on the dental splint. The accuracy of each registration method was calculated using 45 notches at one side of the mandible and expressed as the target registration error (TRE).

Average TREs of 0.83mm (range 0.7-1.39mm), 1.28mm (1.03-1.7mm), 2.62mm (1.91-4.0mm), and 1.34mm (1.30-1.39mm) were found, respectively, for point-based registration based on the splint only, screws on the mandible, screws on the contralateral side only, and screws combined with the splint.

For dentate patients, rigid point-based registration performs best utilizing a dental splint with notches. The dental splint is easy to implement in the surgical, and navigational, workflow, and the notches can be pinpointed and designated on the CT scan with high accuracy. For edentate patients, screws can be used for rigid point-based registration. However, a new design of the screws is recommended to improve the accuracy of designation on the CT scan.
For dentate patients, rigid point-based registration performs best utilizing a dental splint with notches. The dental splint is easy to implement in the surgical, and navigational, workflow, and the notches can be pinpointed and designated on the CT scan with high accuracy. For edentate patients, screws can be used for rigid point-based registration. However, a new design of the screws is recommended to improve the accuracy of designation on the CT scan.
Our study examined the feasibility and validity of the EQ-5D-5L proxyquestionnaire in measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of nursing home residents.

Twenty-four nurses and 229 residents from 3 nursing homes in Singapore participated in this cross-sectional study. Nurses assessed residents under their care with the EQ-5D-5L proxy questionnaire. Two experienced mappers conducted Dementia Care Mapping (DCM)within 1month in a subsample of the residents. Feasibility was evaluated according to percentage of unanswered EQ-5D-5L items and proportion of nurses who failed to respond to all items. Convergent validity was assessed by examining the correlation between EQ-5D-5L measures and DCM scores. Known-groups validity was assessed by comparing differences in EQ-5D-5L scores for residents with varying communication abilities and physical functions.

The nurses' mean age was 35.4years while the residents' was 73.4years. Most residents were female (51.3%) and had the ability to communicate (81.3%). For 6 of the 229 residents (2.6%), not all items in theEQ-5D-5L were completed. The EQ-5D-5L index score correlated positively and moderately with the DCM's well/ill-being score (r = 0.433, n = 90, P < 0.01). Residents who wereable to communicate effectively orhad better physical function were assessed to have less severe health problems and better EQ-5D-5L scores.

The EQ-5D-5L proxy questionnaire has adequate feasibility and validity when used by nurses to assess the HRQoL of nursing home residents. As it is brief and can be conveniently administered, it can be deployed on a larger scale to assess HRQoL of nursing home residents.
The EQ-5D-5L proxy questionnaire has adequate feasibility and validity when used by nurses to assess the HRQoL of nursing home residents. As it is brief and can be conveniently administered, it can be deployed on a larger scale to assess HRQoL of nursing home residents.
Stroke is a major cause of death in China. This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep duration (nighttime sleep and daytime napping) and stroke in elderly Chinese individuals with self-reported health status.

A total of 4785 Chinese adults over 65years from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the association between sleep duration and stroke stratified by self-reported health status.

A significant association between short sleep duration (<7h per day) and the risk of stroke (aOR = 2.05; 95% CI 1.31-3.19), after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, health status, and comorbidities. There was no significant association between short and long sleep duration and stroke in the individuals who reported good general health status. However, in individuals who reported poor health status, short sleep duration (aOR = 2.11; 95% CI 1.30-3.44) and long sleep duration (aOR = 1.86; 95% CI 1.08-3.21) were significantly associated with increased risk of stroke, compared with normal sleep duration (7-8h per day). Disability was significantly associated with stroke in both self-reported good and poor health groups. selleck chemical Rural residence was significantly associated with a lower risk of stroke among individuals who reported poor health status.

Both short and long sleep duration were significantly associated with stroke among individuals who reported poor health. Stroke prevention should be focused on elderly individuals who believe that they have health problems.
Both short and long sleep duration were significantly associated with stroke among individuals who reported poor health. Stroke prevention should be focused on elderly individuals who believe that they have health problems.
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