Notes

Reduced Amounts of Insulin-Like Expansion Factor-1 Tend to be Linked to Alzheimer's Disease: A new Meta-Analysis.
[This retracts the article DOI 10.1155/2014/364207.].[This retracts the article DOI 10.1155/2015/134027.].[This retracts the article DOI 10.1155/2014/526391.].Hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI) is a severe side effect of refractory hypoxemia treatment, for which no effective therapeutic strategy is available. Here, we found that the lung miR-21-5p level was significantly decreased in the rats subjected to hyperoxia. Further, we presented evidence that miR-21-5p was a crucial regulator of mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, it proved that miR-21-5p regulated hyperoxia-induced mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction by directly binding to the target gene PGAM5. In conclusion, for the first time, we found that miR-21-5p could directly suppress mitophagy and mitochondrial damage during HALI formation.Vegetables are essential in our diet to maintain health, partly due to their antioxidant properties. Tabersonine cell line A well-known Javanese salad called "Pecel" is prepared by boiling the vegetables and dressed with seasoned peanut sauce. Cooking can reduce or improve the antioxidant properties of foods; therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of brief water boiling (1 min), steaming (1 min), and water blanching (20 s) of the Javanese Pecel vegetables, with or without the peanut sauce. We assessed the in vitro antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation inhibition of the salad samples prepared using each cooking method. Six vegetables, i.e., Sesbania grandiflora (turi) flower, Amaranthus hybridus L. (spinach), Carica papaya (papaya) leaves, Cosmos caudatus L. (kenikir) leaves, Vigna unguiculata ssp. Sesquipedalis (yard-long beans), and Vigna radiata (mung-bean) sprouts were cooked by boiling or steaming for 1 min or blanching for 20 s. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), the raw material for peanut sauce, was fried in either fresh palm oil or repeatedly used palm oil. Our results revealed that the highest antioxidant capacity (percent inhibition of DPPH radicals) was observed following boiling for 1 min in case of spinach (41.94 ± 9.8%), papaya (59.04 ± 5.35%), kenikir (54.93% ± 6.32%), and yard-long beans (70.21 ± 8.91%); steaming for 1 min in case of turi flower (60.25 ± 3.63%); and blanching for 20 s in case of mung-bean sprouts (49.27 ± 3.69%). Peanut sauce prepared by frying peanuts in fresh or repeatedly used palm oil reduces the natural antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibition properties. However, seasoning the peanut sauce with fresh garlic and lime leaves can restore the lost antioxidant properties. Our study provides the first and clear evidence of the optimal cooking method for Pecel vegetables and sheds light on the wisdom behind the existing traditional cooking method.Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are ancient proteins encoded by a large gene family in plants, which play multiple roles in plant growth and development. However, there has been little study on the GST genes of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) and its relatives (Triticum durum, Triticum urartu, and Aegilops tauschii), which are four important species of Triticeae. Here, a genome-wide comprehensive analysis of this gene family was performed on the genomes of common wheat and its relatives. A total of 346 GST genes in T. aestivum, 226 in T. durum, 104 in T. urartu, and 105 in Ae. tauschii were identified, and all members were divided into ten classes. Transcriptome analysis was used to identify GST genes that respond to salt stress in common wheat, which revealed that the reaction of GST genes is not sensitive to low and moderate salt concentrations but is sensitive to severe concentrations of the stressor, and the GST genes related to salt stress mainly come from the Tau and Phi classes. Six GST genes which respond to different salt concentrations were selected and validated by a qRT-PCR assay. These findings will not only provide helpful information about the function of GST genes in Triticeae species but also offer insights for the future application of salt stress resistance breeding in common wheat.New findings on pathophysiology, epidemiology, and outcome have raised concerns on the relevance of the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) in the classification of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity. Recently, a multicomponent grading system decision integrating symptomatology and comorbidities (Baveno classification), was proposed to characterise OSA and to guide therapeutic decisions. We evaluated whether this system reflects the OSA population, whether it translates into differences in outcomes, and whether the addition of AHI improves the scheme. A total of 14 499 OSA patients from the European Sleep Apnoea Database cohort were analysed. The groups were homogeneously distributed and were found to clearly stratify the population with respect to baseline parameters. Differences in sleepiness and blood pressure between the groups were analysed in a subgroup of patients after 24-36 months of treatment. Group A (minor symptoms and comorbidities) did not demonstrate any effect of treatment on outcome. However, groups B (severe symptoms, minor comorbidities), C (minor symptoms, severe comorbidities) and D (severe symptoms and comorbidities) were associated with improvement in either or both parameters with treatment. The AHI is an essential prerequisite of the diagnosis; however, adding the AHI did not improve the classification. Rather, it was inferior with respect to guiding the treatment decision. Thus, the Baveno classification allows a better stratification of the OSA population and may provide a better guidance for therapeutic decisions in OSA.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1183/23120541.00152-2020.].
Beta-blockers are key in the management of cardiovascular diseases but blocking airway β
-receptors can cause severe and sometimes fatal bronchoconstriction in people with asthma. Although cardioselective β
-blockers may be safer than non-selective β-blockers, they remain relatively contraindicated and under-prescribed. We review the evidence of the risk associated with cardioselective β
-blocker use in asthma.

We searched "asthma" AND "beta-blocker" in PubMed and EmbaseOvid from start to May 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) global database of individual case safety reports (VigiBase) was searched for reports of fatal asthma or bronchospasm and listed cardioselective β
-blocker use (accessed February 2020). Reports were examined for evidence of pre-existing asthma.

PubMed and EmbaseOvid searches identified 304 and 327 publications, respectively. No published reports of severe or fatal asthma associated with cardioselective β
-blockers were found. Three large observational studies reported no increase in asthma exacerbations with cardioselective β
-blocker treatment.
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