Notes

Alternations involving N-glycans identified by Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin in the spit associated with sufferers together with breast cancers.
Speech recognition has become one of the most significant parts of human-computer interaction due to emergence of new technologies such as smartphone, smart watch and many modern technologies, therefore the need of an ASR for local languages is felt. L-NAME chemical structure The basic aim of this paper is to develop an isolated digits recognition for Pashto language, using deep CNN. The database of Pashto digits from 0 to 9 with 50 utterance for each digits is used. Twenty MFCC features extracted for each isolated digit and fed as input to CNN. The network has been used for the proposed system is deep up to 4 convolutional layers, followed by ReLU and max-pooling layers. The network has been trained on the 50% of data and the rest of the data was used for testing. The total average of 84.17% accuracy was achieved for testing which show 7.32% better performance as compared to existing similar works. © 2020 The Authors.Introduction Leprosy reactions, classified as type 1 and type 2 reactions, are acute clinical conditions of exacerbation of localized or systemic inflammatory response inpatients with leprosy. No laboratory biomarker is available to predict the emergence of these reactions. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an accurate biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of various inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Objective This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of the NLR in the diagnosis of leprosy reactions. Materials and methods NLR was calculated for all patients and a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were generated to identify the NLR cut-off point. Results A total of 123 patients with leprosy were included, 98 with leprosy reactions of which 56 (45.5%) had type 1 and 42 (34.1%) with type 2. link2 Mean NLR was higher among patients with reactions than among those without. It was also statistically higher among patients with type 2 reactions than in those with type 1 reactions. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to identify the NLR cut-off point. The area under the ROC curve was 0.794 for diagnosis of any leprosy reaction and 0.796 for the diagnosis of type 2 reaction. The NLR cut-off points for diagnosis of any leprosy reaction and for type 2 reaction were 2.75 (sensitivity 61.0%, specificity 92.0%, accuracy 77.0%) and 2.95 (sensitivity 81.0%, specificity 74.0%, accuracy 78.0%), respectively. Conclusion These results suggest that NLR could be a potential biomarker for diagnosis of leprosy reaction and useful for discriminating patients with type 2 reactions from those with type 1 leprosy reactions. © 2020 The Authors.Elemental impurities in drug samples can generate unwanted pharmacological-toxicological effects, therefore they must be carefully monitored. In order to update the elemental analysis of pharmaceutical products, new regulations for elemental impurities were published by the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). This work presents elemental analysis of 23 analytes in omeprazole drug samples from seven different commercial brands considering reference, similar and generic medicines using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Microwave-assisted digestion using 2.0 mol L-1 HNO3 (partial digestion) was applied successfully for omeprazole drugs. Most analytes were below the respective limits of quantification, except for As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb and V. However, the determined concentrations for these analytes were lower than the limits proposed by the USP Chapter 232 and similar for all products, inferring that for the seven analyzed samples there is no difference among reference, similar and generic drugs considering contaminants contents. Discussions considering potential risks of elemental contamination taking into account diverse brands were presented. © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Background Challenges must be handled in an integrated manner when addressing food security and climate change. More efficient designs for food production systems, as well as their logistics, are needed in order to increase food production and to reduce emissions intensity. Specifically, any enhancements done on this purpose would contribute to mitigating climate change. Five important dimensions are being considered in smart agriculture food security, availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability. Scope and approach Food supply-demand chain can seriously be effected by uncontrolled population growth. Thus, any perspective to solve these uncontrolled conditions can have a positive impact. Especially giving emphasis on reduction of food losses via expoloring various ways of production, or increasing productivity, or ensuring food security are effective ways for solutions. For example, the use of solar drying for agricultural, marine or meat products is very important for preservation, thus minimizing2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Primary liver tissue cancer types are renowned to display a consistent increase in global disease burden and mortality, thus needing more effective diagnostics and treatments. Yet, integrative research efforts to identify cell-of-origin for these cancers by utilizing human specimen data were poorly established. To this end, we analyzed previously published whole-genome sequencing data for 384 tumor and progenitor tissues along with 423 publicly available normal tissue epigenomic features and single cell RNA-seq data from human livers to assess correlation patterns and extended this information to conduct in-silico prediction of the cell-of-origin for primary liver cancer subtypes. Despite mixed histological features, the cell-of-origin for mixed hepatocellular carcinoma/intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma subtype was predominantly predicted to be hepatocytic origin. Individual sample-level predictions also revealed hepatocytes as one of the major predicted cell-of-origin for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, thus implying trans-differentiation process during cancer progression. Additional analyses on the whole genome sequencing data of hepatic progenitor cells suggest these cells may not be a direct cell-of-origin for liver cancers. These results provide novel insights on the nature and potential contributors of cell-of-origins for primary liver cancers. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Getting access to electricity services for domestic consumption is still a luxury service in the rural areas of developing countries. For instance, about 55 percent of the total population do not have access to electricity service in Ethiopia. To alleviate the problem, the government of Ethiopia is intensively investing on hydroelectric dam construction so as to increase the coverage of electricity. However, the grid-line electricity supply in the scattered settlements of rural households of Ethiopia poses a challenge for connection. This study investigated households' preference for renewable source of electricity service connections and estimated potential willingness to pay for the services by considering solar PV electricity in addition to the grid-line. In this survey, 220 rural households were sampled from Hexosa (Harbe) and Boset (Xiyyo) districts in Ethiopia using systematic sampling methods. The result estimated by using bivariate probit model reveals that the median willingness to pay alone is not sufficient to recover the cost of connection of electricity service. However, among the two sources of renewable electricity services, households preferred grid line to solar electricity services irrespective of the payment scheme. Monthly instalment-based payment is more convenient for the rural household than lump sum connection cost payment regarding the payment scheme. Furthermore, the households' income level, level of education, age, location and amount of initial bid prices are important variables in determining the scale of households' willingness to pay for connection of electricity service. Therefore, based on the findings of the study, the following policy suggestions have been forwarded there should be provision of electricity service that is suitable and preferred by the rural households and the community shall get various options of payment modalities. © 2020 The Author.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03054.]. © 2019 The Author(s).The precise determination of the dead time is essential in a chromatography system as it is a primary parameter for the determination of other secondary parameters such as the adjusted retention time, relative retention time, retention factor and retention index. Several of the indirect methods used for the determination of the dead time in this study were iteration, nonlinear, spreadsheet and statistics methods, which were implemented using the ANSI C programming language. The calculation of each method was tested with temperature and column variations for measuring the retention time of a n-alkane homologous series and accuracy analysis of each mathematical method (indirect method) to the marker substance (direct method). Changes in the temperature and column variations (type, polarity and column length) affected the calculation of the dead time values but did not affect its accuracy. link3 The value of the dead time generated by the non-linear method was relatively high, with errors above 10%, while the other methods utilized are quite good with errors below 8% regardless of the column and temperature variations. © 2020 The Author(s).It is vital to understand processes of microplastic ingestion and egestion by aquatic organisms in order to evaluate the potential effects and impacts of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, goldfish (Carassius auratus) was used to investigate ingestion and egestion of polyethylene (PE) microplastics and how these processes were affected by size, color, and shape of microplastics. Results showed that goldfish ingested white PE microplastics only in the presence of fish feed and that microplastics larger than 2 mm were rejected even after being ingested. However, in the presence of food, more green and black microplastics were ingested compared with red, blue, and white microplastics while significantly higher amounts of microplastic films were ingested compared with fragments and filaments. Microplastics ingested by goldfish were egested within 72 h. However, the egestion rate of filaments was the lowest among all tested microplastic shapes. The presence of food appeared to reduce film and filament residues in fish after 72 h. Results of this study imply that different features of microplastics result in different exposure risks for fish. Thus, the specific features of microplastics (e.g. their shape, color, and size) should be considered in future ecotoxicological studies. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Most cancers develop with one of two types of genomic instability, namely, chromosomal instability (CIN) or microsatellite instability (MSI). Both are induced by replication stress-associated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The type of genomic instability that arises is dependent on the choice of DNA repair pathway. Specifically, MSI is induced via a PolQ-dependent repair pathway called microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) in a mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient background. However, it is unclear how the MMR status determines the choice of DSB repair pathway. Here, we show that replication stress-associated DSBs initially targeted by the homologous recombination (HR) system were subsequently hijacked by PolQ-dependent MMEJ in MMR-deficient cells, but persisted as HR intermediates in MMR-proficient cells. PolQ interacting with MMR factors was effectively loaded onto damaged chromatin in an MMR-deficient background, in which merged MRE11/γH2AX foci also effectively formed. Thus, the choice of DNA repair pathway according to the MMR status determines whether CIN or MSI is induced.
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