Notes

MASS SOCIETY & DEMOCRACY

CHAPTER 13

SECTION 1

GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL

PROSPERITY

Section 1 Learning Targets

• Describe the 2nd Industrial Revolution

• Discuss important cultural developments betw

1870-1914.

• Understand how socialism, modern physics,

and psychology affected people’s lives.

Growth of Industrial

Prosperity

Products of first industrial revolution?

textiles, railroads, coal, iron

New Products

steel instead of iron

electricity – used for heat, light, motion, &

creation of the light bulb

New Products

telephone – Alexander

Graham Bell (1876)

Guglielmo Marconi –

first radio waves across

Atlantic

Did NOT INVENT

radio

New Products

internal-combustion

engine – new source of

power

New Products

New Patterns

Orrville and Wilbur

Wright (1903) – first

flight

Do you think everyone benefited from this second

industrial revolution?

Europe was divided into two economic zones

Industrial Nations- Great Britain, Belgium, France, the

Netherlands, Germany, northern Italy, western part of the

Austrian empire



Agricultural Nations - Southern Italy, most of the Austrian

empire, Spain, Portugal, Balkan kingdoms, and Russia

Toward a World Economy

WORLD ECONOMY OF TODAY (2008)

What is a “world economy”?

goods produced during the second industrial revolution

combined with the growth of transportation (steamships &

railroad)

Europe dominated the world economy by the beginning of

the 20th century

WORLD ECONOMY OF TODAY (2008) Organizing the Working Classes

Marx’s Theory

written in the Communist Manifesto (1848)

upset w/ the horrible working conditions

blamed the system of industrial capitalism

Their solution?

Organizing the Working Classes

HOMEWORK

new social system (Marxist Socialism – eventually

called communism)

Marx believed � all of world history has been a

“history of class struggles”

Oppressors (middle class or bourgeoisie)

Oppressed (working class or proletariat)

What will eventually happen?

• Read 397-410

• Questions p410 1, 5, 7

Section2 Learning Targets

• Describe the new opportunities for women

and the working class that helped improve

their lives.

SECTION 2

THE EMERGENCE OF MASS SOCIETY

The Emergence of Mass Society

The New Urban Environment

more and more people were moving to cities

btwn 1800 & 1900

London grew from 960,000 to 6,500,000

Living conditions were improved with building regulations

(running water, proper sewage systems)

The Emergence of Mass Society

Social Structure of Mass Society

1. The New Elite

2. The Middle Class – kept growing

3. The Working Classes – improved working

conditions

The Emergence of Mass Society

The Experiences of Women

Women of the 1800s?

role in the family and household

inferior and economically dependent on

The Experiences of Women

men

During the 1900s – women worked to change

their status

New Job Opportunities

clerks, typists, secretaries, file clerks, sales clerks

Marriage and the Family

women were having less children

gave more time for leisure activities

or part time work

Movement for Women’s Rights

Universal Education

(Modern Feminism)

When did this idea begin?

Nursing became a powerful occupation for women in the

1800s

Florence Nightingale – Paved way for female nurses

Clara Barton – Organized the American Red Cross

Fight for equal political rights

Emmeline Pankhurst (Great Britain) – female suffragist

after WWI many nations gave in to their demands of

equality

Western nations set up state-financed schools

for all boys and girls

to create more skilled laborers

create more able voters

Immediate result – literacy

New Forms of Leisure

HOMEWORK

fun after work � became

very necessary

amusement parks

team sporting contests

dance halls

• Read 13-3 (411-416)

• Q 1, 4, 7 on 416

Section3 Learning Target

• Describe the reasons for the continued

existence of the old order in Eastern Europe,

and the results of international rivalry and war

in the Balkans.

SECTION 3

THE NATIONAL STATE &

DEMOCRACY

Western Europe & Political Democracy

Western Europe & Political Democracy

More and more men (and eventually women) became

involved in the political process

Great Britain

End of WWI

Males over 21 could vote

Females over 30 could vote

France

President

Legislative body composed of 2 houses (Senate / Chamber

of Deputies)

Ministerial Responsibility – Prime Minister is responsible

to the legislative body not the president

Italy

Corruption in government

Universal male suffrage granted in 1912

Central & Eastern Europe:

United States & Canada

The Old Order

1. Germany – Emperor still had power

2. Austria-Hungary – Emperor still had power

3. Russia – Emperor wanted to maintain power but

was forced to grant civil liberties and created a

legislative assembly (Duma)

1. Aftermath of the Civil War

Slavery abolished (13th Amendment)

2. Expansion Abroad

Samoan Islands

Hawaii

Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines

International Rivalries

HOMEWORK

• Read CH13-4 (418-423)

• Q 1, 7 on 423

1. Triple Alliance – formed in

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Italy

2. Triple Entente – formed in

Great Britain

France

Russia

Section4 Learning Targets

• Discuss the developments in science and how

it changed them and the world they were

living in.

SECTION 4

TOWARD THE MODERN

CONSCIOUSNESS

A New Physics

Freud and Psychoanalysis

1. Marie Curie – discovered

Sigmund Freud

Human behavior was strongly

determined by past

experiences

Painful experiences were

hidden in the subconscious

2. Albert Einstein – Theory

of Relativity

� Matter is another

form of energy

Freud and Psychoanalysis

Anti-Semitism & Zionism

Psychoanalysis

A therapist could probe

deeply into the patient’s

memory

Make the conscious mind

aware of the repressed

emotions in the

subconscious

• Dreyfus Affair

– 1894 court trial for sale of weapons

– Found guilty

– Proved to be innocent but no retrial

• 1880-90’s Anti-Semitism in Germany & Austria

Hungry

• Discriminated against & moved to Palestine

Social Darwinism

Darwin’s theory was applied to society

How can this be done?