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- earth is older than 6,000 years, which is what previously thought to be
Cuvier
- earth strata in paris shows the generations of fossils: the older the strata the father the fossils are away from modern day species
- Catastrophism: breaks in the strata are caused from ancient floods or droughts
Lamarck:
- muscles we use vs. muscles we don't
- wrong: Traits required throughout one species life will be passed down to its offspring
-neck of the giraffe
Malthus:
- If species over populate than we are vulnerable to famine, homelessness, and disease.
- only a tiny fraction of offspring will survive evolution and create their own offspring
Evidence for Evolution:
-Fossils: so you can see how species changed over time
- Morphology and Embryology: similarities in how embryo's form and how two unsimilar species have similar structure
- Biogeography: Evolution, Extinction, and Dispersal
- Molecular Evidence: study of DNA or mtDNA
-Experimental Science: Endler's study of finches and shows how evolution have been carried in the laboratory and in nature
1831 HMS Beagle to Galapagos evidence on Finches, Pigeons, and Barnacles
1859 Theory of Evolution
Evolution is the chief unifying principle in Biology
DARWINS THEORIES:
- species go through modification over time
- all species descend from one common ancestor over time and are the base of the evolutionary tree
-Those individuals that have adaptation that make them best fit for their environment will have more chances to reproduce and will therefore pass on their genes with greater frequency to the next generation
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