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Metaphase-Anaphase Transition influenced by Chromosome attachments
G0 influenced by Growth factors, nutrients, cell size, DNA damage
ON BOARD: cdk, cyclin [wee 1] cdc25
Replicated chromosomes are a chromatid
So one chromosome (chromatid) -> replicate -> two sister chromosomes
There is cohesion to connect the two replicated chromosomes (protein: cohesin)
Basic strategy -> takes advantage of the microtubule dynamics (microtubules are growing and shrinking out of the centrosome) -> By growing/shrinking they are probing the cytosol (called "search")
Search is based on dynamic microtubules "capture" when the microtubule is able to latch on to the spidle
Search + capture
chromosomes are being pulled when the microtubule depolymerizes
Kinetochore pulled by the depolymerizing microtubule and driving the movement away
Ubiquitin mediated protein degradation
Ubiquitin targets protein for breakdown and the protein is recognized by a proteasome
Proteasome hydrolyzes the target protein
^This helps get rid of cohesin proteins
Separase = protease
securin = secures the system and doesn't let separase act (so it doesn't degrade cohesin)
Crossing over: After recombination, the homologous chromosomes are held together by chiasmaa
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