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Ali married Muhammad's daughter and was nominated to be new caliph
Shi'ites and Sunnis -
Yazid
Shi'ites believed that caliphs can only come from the blood line while Sunnis believed that anyone can become a Caliph
Spread of Islam -
1 million Arabs +/- involved in conquering
Ruling minority
Peaceful conversion/trade
Sub-Saharan Africa
Conversion
"There is no God but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God"
Discrimination in Jewish/Christian centers
Arab cities flourish
Christian cities shrink
Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) -
Focus is more on the political side
Political realm rather than religious empire
Ruled from Damascus, Syria
Syria and Egypt had been taken from Byzantine under first caliphs
711: Expanded empire with conquest of Spain
732: Battle of Tours **
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