Notes

2)
1.Miners take an elevator from the headframe down to the work area
2.Holes are drilled in the rock face at the stope and filled with explosives
3.The explosive is set off by an electric charge. The rock is blasted apart.
4.After the blast, miners test the walls. Rock bolts and timber supports are used to prop up weak areas.
5.Front end loaders or small trains remove the muck, "muck" is what you call the blasted rock, to a central underground location. The muck is dropped down a large hole to a crusher.
6.The muck is a crushed and loaded into a hoist, called a skip. The skip lifts the ore to the surface.
7.Ore is taken to a storage site near the mill await processing.
3a) A rock or solid overlying a mineral deposit, archaeological site, or other underground features are removed. After, holes are drilled 10-15 metres deep, they fill the whole with explosives and explode the rock, then ore is loaded into large trucks by massive shovels, finally ore is taken to a storage sit near the mill to its processing process.
b) Miners take an elevator down to the working area, then holes are drilled in the rock face at the stope and filled with explosives, after the explosives are set off by an electric charge and blasted apart. After the blast miners check the walls and ceiling. Rock bolts and timber supports are used on the weak area, then the ore is taken to a storage site near the mill for processing
4) Milling takes place in a processing plant where when smelting, is taken for further processing at a smelter.
5) Waste minerals are dumped into tailing ponds that are located near the mill and contained by dikes.
6)
a) Metallic minerals: Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia
b) Fossil furls: Alberta, Saskatchewan, British Columbia
c) Industrial minerals: Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan.
7) ?
8) Open pit mining because its more safe and you can go deeper as you go, whereas underground mining is more dangerous.
9)?
ISSUE
Challenges for Canadas mining industry
Seven Mining issues
1. Acid precipitation- Canadas mining industry produces more of the pollutants that cause acid precipitation than does the United States. Six of the ten biggest polluters in North America are smelters and refineries in Ontario, Quebec, and Manitoba
2. Abandoned mines- Many mines across Canada were abandoned after ore ran out. They leave scars on the land and continue as sources of pollution as mine waste leak into rivers and lakes.
3.Exported jobs- About 50% of the minerals mined in Canada are exported before any smelting or manufacturing is done.
4.World events-Canadas mining industry can be damaged by events in other countries
5.Depleted reserves- Many high quality reserves are being exhausted. In the future, Canada will have to rely on mineral deposits of poorer quality, or those found areas far from markets and transportation routes.
6.Foreign competition-More deposits are being discovered in developing countries such as Asia, Africa and South Africa.
7.One-industry towns- Mining towns are only existent because of there mines.
p.341 #1
1)The mines are causing a lot of pollution because of all the machinery and they need to make things more efficient.
b) because the technology is not so developed yet
Case study pg 342-348 #1-3,5.
1) Cratons can be described as shields, in which the basement rock crops out of the surface, and platforms, in which the basement is overlaid by sediments and sedimentary rock. ( https://en.mwikipedia.org)
Kimberlites contain diamond and indicator minerals
2a) The diamond were found in northern Canada where there isn't much life and it was cold so people never thought anything valuable would be located there.
3)Its helping out there way of life because of all the profit but there is also many negatives such as pollution
5) Ekati diamond, Diavik diamond.