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- Political revolt, upheaval, and transition
- Challenge to old French social order
Ancien regime - the old order of French society
- broken down into 3 classes: the first - the clergy
the second - the royalty and nobility
the third - everyone else
The First Estate
- 0.5% of the French population consisted of the clergy
- Had a lot of wealth and privilege
The Second Estate
- 1.5% of the French population consisted of the nobility
- Some looked for political appointment, though most held little power
- Owned a lot of land but had little financial income
The Third Estate
- 98% of the French population consisted of 'everyone else'
- Top of the class was the bourgeoisie, the wealthy people of the lowest estate
- Majority of the third estate were rural peasants
- Poorest members were city workers, servants, etc.
- Held the least amount of rights
French Financial Crisis
- Social problems magnified by a bad economy
- Caused by deficit spending, or the government spending more than it is taking in
- Large debts amassed from the Seven Years' War and aid in the American Revolution
- Royal court made poor spending choices, half of the income went to paying off interest on debt owed to other nations
- Government attempts to remove nobility tax exempt made the second estate angry
Failed Financial Reform
- Jacques Necker, the financial advisor to the King
- Urged reduced spending, government reform, free trade friendly laws, etc
- Also proposed taxing the first and second estates, both classes were furious and forced his removal
Storming of Bastille
- 800 Parisians stormed the medieval prison and tore it down
- Convinced nobles in the National Assembly to give up privileges
- Symbol of freedom in France to this day, Bastille Day is on July 14, in honor of this revolt
King Louis XVI
- To address social unrest and political dissent, King Louis XVI called on the Estates General
- Had all three estates submit cahiers, or a list of grievances
- Showed the tension between the classes
Tennis Court Oath
- Third Estate members of the Estates General transformed, renaming themselves the "National Assembly"
- Wanted to form a constitution
- Louis didn't support, and group vowed not to break apart until a constitution was made
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