Notes

TODAY
- Practice reading ECGs (go over khogali lecture on ECG reading - learn how to present them) - DONE
- Practice CXRs (learn how to present them) with that document Rosa sent you - DONE
- Learn ABGs (simply how to say if something is acidosis/alkalosis and if its compensated) - DONE (FINALLY)
- Principles: Fc receptors, myosin heavy and light chains, etc etc (immunology) - DONE
- : Genetics (Modes of inheritance) - DONE

BREAK
- Go through entirety of GI (medblogs + osmosis videos on e.g. coeliac + disease sheet) - DONE
- Write questions from today (to do tomorrow) -

TONIGHT
- Diagnostic consultation + focused history & exam + ABCDE scenario with rach

Tomorrow:
- Go through the entire bible, noting down what you have forgotten
- Go through first year buzzwords sheet
- All resp formatives
- All cardio formatives
- All principles formatives (incl ones that don't have answers)
- Quick run through all CAP tests (answering questions you don't recognise)
- All easy pastest questions
- Notes questions swXa, aWSR, aEGv, aRU2, aYfk, aPDV, aSnz, aHck, aJxb verbal answers, write down ones you don't know
- Qs from yesterday

OSCES:
- : Practice ABCDE scenario with rach
- : Practice focused history (SOCRATES) + exam with rach
- : Practice diagnostic history with rach - DONE
- : Practice AMPLE history with rach
- : All examinations (resp, precordial, full cardio, GI) - DONE
- : PRACTICE SBAR

Questions From Today:
- Onion skin fibrosis = what condition?
- What is intrinsic asthma?
- What is extrinsic asthma?
- What type of tumour produces keratin pearls?
- In embryological development, what is the first respiratory structure to form?
- Bleeding from the lungs + kidney failure is associated with what condition?
- Patients with Goodpasture's have a raised anti-... level
- Digoxin causes what changes on an ECG?
- How do you calculate rate on an ECG with a regular rhythm?
- How do you calculate rate on an ECG with an irregular rhythm?
- Normal QRS duration?
- Present 1 ECG from google
- Describe third degree heart block
- Delta waves on ECG?
- How do you tell whether a CXR is AP or PA?
- Present 1 CXR from google
- Which projection of CXRs can not be used to determine heart size (AP or PA)?
- What is the normal pH range?
- What is the following ABG indicative of: pH = 7.28, HCO3 = 48, CO2 = 9.4
- What is the following ABG indicative of: pH = 7.54, HCO3 = 32, CO2 = 12.7
- What is the following ABG indicative of: pH = 7.21, HCO3 = 18, CO2 = 4.8
- What is the following ABG indicative of: pH = 7.49, HCO3 = 26, CO2 = 3.2
- Antibodies are named due to their light/heavy chain - give an example
- NK cells display what kind of Fc receptors? What binds to these receptors?
- What are copy number variations?
- What is penetrance of a disease?
- Methylation promotes/inhibits transcription
- On which bases does methylation typically occur?
- What is imprinting?
- Mitochondrial inheritance is via maternal/paternal transmission only
- How do NSAIDs cause peptic ulcers?
- Drugs ending in 'tidine' e.g. Cimetidine are what class of drugs?
- What is the general function of Histamine receptor antagonists and PPIs such as Omeprazole in the stomach?
- Lactase breaks down ... into ... and ...
- Via which receptor does Fructose enter the enterocytes of the small intestine?
- Via which transporter do the products of lactose breakdown enter enterocytes?
- Exit of all molecules from enterocytes is mediated by which channel?
- Functions of Insulin/Glucagon?
- How does insulin lower the blood glucose?
- Name two digestive enzymes of the duodenum
- Duodenal digestion mostly yields ... which must then be broken down into ... at the ... of the enterocyte in order to be absorbed.
- Which two muscles cause vomiting?
- Gram negative/gram positive/anaerobic bacteria are the most likely cause of pneumonia in alcoholics
- Describe the function of Metoclopramide
- The foregut begins at the ... and ends at the ...
- Diagnosis of H.pylori?
- Example of treatment plan for H.pylori gastric ulcer?
- Barrett's oesophagus usually leads to which type of oesophageal carcinoma?
- In terms of cancer staging, what do T, N and M represent?
- Most common cause of gastric cancer?
- First line treatment for oesophageal varices?
- Which virus of gastroenteritis typically affects children under 5?
- Best treatment for UC?
- Treatment options for Crohn's?
- Give an example of a laxitive used in IBS
- Give an example of an anti-diarrhoeal used in IBS
- Traveller's diarrhoea usually caused by what bacteria?
- People returning from India/SE Asia with diarrhoea typically have ...?
- Incubation period for Typhoid fever?
- How is absorption of water in large intestine passive?
- Equally, why do they give sodium/glucose infusion to rehydrate patients?
- Most common cause of gastroenteritis in children under 5?
- Location/function of Kupffer cells?
- Function of the Gallbladder?
- Antibody present in bile? (which Ig...)
- What is the function of Colestipol/Colesevelam?
- Liver drug metabolism makes the drugs more ...?
- Only polar/non-polar drugs can cross the plasma membrane
- How is the metabolism of ammonia to ... affected by severe liver damage? What does this cause?
- Which protein carries copper?
- Excess/deficiency of ceruloplasmin causes Wilson's disease
- Which protein transports the contents of chylomicrons once they have reached the blood?
- Albumin transports which drug in the blood?
- Iron transported as ... but stored as ...?
- Treatment for haemochromatosis?
- Painless jaundice + weight loss = what condition?
- Steroid hormones (e.g. corticosteroids and sex hormones) are derived from ...?
- Which vitamin is derived from cholesterol?
- How does the activation of stellate cells lead to fibrosis?
- Piecemeal necrosis = what condition?
- Treatment for AIH?
- Bronzing of skin + diabetes = what condition?
- Alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency leads to what condition?
- Pancreatitis presents as epigastric pain which can potentially...?
- Which enzymes are raised in pancreatitis?
- Hep most prevalent in which kind of people?
- What is the most abundant protein in the human body?
- What is Goodpasture's syndrome?
- Two main symptoms of Goodpasture's syndrome?
- Crypt hyperplasia and villous atrophy indicative of ...?
- Weight loss + which rash = coeliac disease?
- Treatment for oesophagitis?
- Treatment of Achalasia?