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Constant body temperature - heat gained is balanced by heat lost.
Temperature receptors in the skin detect external temperature.
Hypothalamus detects the temperature of blood.
Hypothalamus = processing centre - receives info and send instructions to trigger the effectors automatically.
Effectors = sweat glands and muscles.
High body temperature:
1) More sweat is produced by sweat glands.
2) Blood vessels near the skin dilate (vasodilation) allowing more blood to flow through.
Low Body Temperature:
1) Shivering - increased rate of respiration transferring heat energy to the surrounding tissue.
2) Blood vessels near the skin constrict (vasoconstriction) restricting blood flow which reduces blood loss.
Some effectors work antagonistically which allows a more sensitive and controlled response.
Processed foods normally contain high amounts of sugar that are quickly absorbed into the blood stream causing a rapid rise in blood sugar levels.
Diabetes:
Type 1) Arises when the pancreas stops producing enough insulin. Treated with insulin injections.
Type 2) More likely to arise because of a poor diet or obesity and is where the body does not respond to its own insulin or does not produce enough. Can be controlled with the correct diet and exercise.
A diet with lots of fibre and complex carbohydrates helps maintain a constant blood sugar level.
Unhealthy lifestyle = poor diet and lack of exercise.
Can lead to obesity, heart disease, diabetes and some cancers.
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