Notes

dna replication
helicases unwind and hold apart DNA. hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases are broken. separation goes from 5' to 3' and happens at more than 1000 sites along the chromosome. the replication fork is the point where the chain is opening, the hydrogen bonds are breaking, and the chain is unzipping
binding protein binds to each side of the opening ladder to keep the strands from rejoining
the enzyme primase attracts a complementary strand of RNA nucleotides to build a short piece of RNA called RNA primer at the start of each DNA to be replicated. the RNA primer is necessary because the major replicating enzyme DNA polymerase can only add new nucleotide bases to an existing strand and adds new bases one at a time starting at the RNA primer.
DNA polymerase proofreads and replaces incorrect bases that have been added.
exonuclease removes the RNA primer and replaces it with the correct DNA bases
the leading strand has continuous replication in the 3' to 5' direction. the lagging strand has discontinuous replication in the 5' to 3' direction producing fragments called Okazaki fragments
ligases seal the sugar phosphate backbone
okazaki fragments are ligated
helicase unwinds and holds apart the DNA. hydrogen bonds betweeen nitrogen bases are broken. separation goes from 5' to 3' and happens at more than 1000 sites along the chromosome. the replication fork is the point where the chain is openeing. helicase unwinds and holds apart the dna. hydrogent bonds between nitrogen bases are broken. separation goes from 5' to 3' and happens at more than 1000 sites along the chromosome. the replication fork is the point where the chain is opening
bidning protein bidns to each side of the opening ladder to keep the strands from rejoining. binding protein binds to each side of the opening ladder to keep the strants from rejoining.
the enzyme primase attracts a complementary strand of RNA nuelceotides to build a short piece of RNA called RNA primer which is necessary because DNA polymerase can only add bases to an existing strand and adds new bases one at a time starting at the RNA primer. the enzyme primase attracts a complemetary strand of RNA nucleotides to build a short piece of RNA called RNA primer which is necessary because DNA polymerase can only add bases to an existing strand and adds new bases one at a time starting at the RNA primer.
dna polylmeraase proofreads and replaces incorrect bases that have been addded
exonuclease removes the RNA primer and replace sit with the correct DNA bases
leading strand has continuous replication in 3' to 5' direction. lagging strand has discontinuous replication in 5' to 3' direction producing okazaki fragments
ligases seal sugar phosphate backbone
okazaki fragments are ligated

1. helicase unwinds and holds apart the dna. the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases are broken. separation goes from 5' to 3' direction and happens at more than 1000 sites along the chromosome. the replication fork is the point where the chain is opening.
2. binding protein binds to each side of the opening ladder to keep the strands from rejoining
3.the enzyme primase attracts a complementary strand of RNA nucleotides to build an RNA primer which is necessary because DNA polymerase can only add bases to an existing strand and adds new bases one at a time starting at the rna primer
4. DNA polymerase proofreads and replaces incorrect bases that have been added
5. exonucleease removes the RNA primer and replaces it with the correct DNA base
6. leading strand has continuous replication in 3' to 5' direction. lagging strand has discontinuous replication in the 5' to 3' direction producing okazaki fragments
7. ligases seal the sugar phosphate backbone
8. okazaki fragments are ligated


dna replication
1. helicase unwinds and holds dna apart. hydrogen bonds betweeen nitrogen bases break. separation occurs at 5' to 3' direction and happens at more than 1000 sites on the chromosome. the replication fork is the place where the chain is opening
2. binding protein binds to each side of the opening ladder to keep the strands from rejoining
3. the enzyme primase attracts a complementary strand of RNA nucleotides to form a short piece of RNA called an RNA primer which is necessary because the DNA polymerase can only bind to an existing strand and adds new bases one at a time starting at the RNA primer
4. dna polymerase double checks strand and fixes all incorrect bases
***5. exonuclease removes RNA primer and replaces it with the correct DNA bases
6. leading strand copies in 3' to 5' direction continuously. lagging strand has discontinuous replication in the 5' to 3 ' direction productin okazaki fragments
7. ligase seals sugar phosphate backbone
8. okazaki fragments ligated

dna replication
1. helicase unwindds and holds apart DNA. hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases are broken. separation occurs in 5' to 3' direction and occurs at more than 1000 sites on the chromosome. the replication fork is the location where the chain is opening
2. binding proteins bind to each side of the opening ladder to keep the strands from rejoining
3. the enzyme primase attracts a complementary strand of RNA nucleotides to create a small piece of RNA called an RNA primer which is necessary bcs the DNA polymerase can only build off of an existing strand and adds new bases onee at a time starting at the RNA primer
4. DNA polymerase proofreads strand and replaces any incorrect bases
5. exonuclease removes RNA primer and replaces it with correct DNA bases
6. leading strand replicates in 3' to 5' direction continuously. lagging strand has discontinuous replication in the 5' to 3' direction creating okazaki fragments
7. ligase seals sugar phosphate backbone
8. okazaki fragments are ligated