Notes

AP World History
Chapter 6 ~
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Mandate of Heaven -> Chinese dynasties, divine rights

Dynastic Cycle
Old Dynasty --> New Dynasty --> Old Dynasty --> New Dynasty --> . . .
People starved, rebellion, natural disasters good government, people fed, loyalty to emperor, trade good

(Tenno Clan . Japan)

Schools of Thought -
1. Confucious Analects
5 Relationships
Superior/inferior
Everyone has a place -> Order
2. Daoism - Lao Zi
Confucian rules are useless
Do nothing contrary to nature
3. Legalism - Han Feizi
People are self interested/selfish
Harsh punishments -> Order
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Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE)

Qin Shi Huangdi
-Ascended the throne in 246 BCE at age 13 under the name Zheng
-Claimed his dynasty would last for 1000 years
-Ruled empire with Legalist philosophies
-ends primogeniture
-passing of all land to eldest son
-standardization; weights, measures, coinage, writing, law
- helped unified diverse groups

Li Si and Legalism
-Li Si = Prime Minister
-felt that Confucian morals were in direct opposition of a ruler's absolute power
-crackdown on Confucians and Confucian traditions
-burned Confucian books
-killed Confucian scholars

External Threats from Xiongnu
-nomads on northern border of the empire
-peaceful trade between nomads and Chinese farmers/nomads raided villages
-China began building walls to keep out invaders
-trained a cavalry, the first in the eastern hemisphere
-Shi Huangdi sent soldiers to drive nomads from empire
-connected/extended existing walls around empire
-this caused nomads to band together and create the Xiongnu Confederacy
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Han Dynasty ~

Social Classes page 20
Peasants are a higher class above merchants and artisans.

Technical Innovations
-Astrology
-Watermill
-Horse collar (heavy loads pulled by horses)
-Paper
-Crossbow trigger
-Roads that lead to the capital (roads throughout the empire)
-Canal system

Religion
-Based in nature
-Ghosts/spirits
-Daoism
-alchemy(turn common items into precious metals)
challenged Chinese tradition and led to uprisings
-Buddhism
-originates in India
-Gautama Siddhartha - founder of Buddhism
-GS - Rich person who witnessed suffering
-Reincarnation - Rebirth of the Soul in Various Forms based on Karma
-Karma - everything you do/think impacts you in a future life
-Four Noble Truths
1)Suffering is Universal (everybody hurts)
2)The cause in suffering is desire (Wanting)
3)To end suffering - you have to crush desire, that will lead to Nirvana(the state of wanting nothing)
4)To crush desire - follow the noble 8 fold path
-Buddhism in China will begin to differ as it grows and changes over time compared to Buddhism in other parts of the world.

Fall of the Han - internal issues
Yellow River
-flood caused river to change course
(chaos in north + economy destroyed from natural disaster)
-many deaths
-economy destroyed
-widespread poverty
25 CE: capital moved to Luoyang
Corrupt officials, weak leaders, poverty