Notes

Jackie O'Kelly and J. Paul Gibson

A programming game is a type of video game that incorporates elements of computer programming, enabling the player to direct otherwise autonomous units within the game to follow instructions using the domain-specific programming language typically represented as a visual language in order to simplify the programming metaphor. Programming games broadly fall into two areas that are single-player games in which the programming elements are either made part or all of a puzzle, and multiplayer games in which the player's computer program is compared against other players' programs.



1 As puzzle games 2 as competitive games. See also 4 References, 6 External Links



As puzzle games[edit]



System 15000 and Hacker were two of the first games in this genre, which were released in 1984 and 1985 respectively.



Programming games can be utilized in puzzle games to test players to achieve an outcome after the program is started. An example of such a game is SpaceChem in which the player uses its visual language to manipulate two waldos as to disassemble and rebuild chemical molecules. These games allow players to test and debug their programs as many times as they need until they find the solution that is effective. Many of these games push players to find the most efficient program, as measured by the number of steps required or the number of commands required. Similar games include Human Resource Machine, [1Infinifactory, and TIS-100. Zachtronics is an organization that develops videogames and is well-known for its programming-based puzzles. [2]



Certain games utilize programming elements to create puzzles in larger games. For instance Hack 'n' Slash includes a concept of being able access the internal variables and programs of objects that are represented in the game's environment and pause the the game when the player uses the interface for programming, and modify the object's program in order to advance further; this might be changing the state of the object from being indestructible to destructible. Similar games include Transistor, Heart.Break() and Glitchspace. [3]



Another approach employed in certain graphics games that contain programming elements is to provide the player with a command line interface to issue commands via the use of a specific domain language to control objects in the game, allowing the player to issue commands as the situation changes rather than crafting an existing program. Quadrilateral Cowboy, Duskers and other games let the player command small robot creatures through the language of code. This allows them to achieve an objective. [3] Hackmud presents the player with a simulated mainframe interface through which they can issue commands in order to progress forward. [4]



As competitive games[editAs competitive games[edit



Many programming games involve controlling things like robots, tanks or bacteria which seek to destroy one another. These games are often referred to as environments of digital organisms that are akin to artificial life simulations. The game's domain-specific language offers players the tools they need to develop and test their programs before they submit them to the central server. The server then tests the program against other programs and reports the results to the player, from which they can make adjustments or modifications to the program. There are various leagues and tournaments for games of programming where the players can compete against one another. The scripts are optimized to work with specific strategies. Similar strategies are utilized for more traditional games. the World Computer Chess Championship consists of games between programs designed for the abstract strategy game of chess.



The game of programming competition has also been incorporated into various board games like RoboRally and Robot Turtles. Typically, programs are converted into a deck of pre-made cards that can be used in sequence to execute the code. [5]



RoboCode was presented by researchers as the result of a "problem-based" learning platform to teach programming. [6]



Related areas[edit]



Open world games that feature the ability for players to build environments using a variety of building blocks are often used by more advanced players to build logic circuits and more sophisticated programs using the basic blocks. Minecraft is a prime example and, even though it offers a small set of blocks that mimic electric circuits and switches players have been able to build basic functional computers within the virtual world, and at the very least one modification is designed to teach children how to program the virtual computer using a simple language. [7]



Many websites, including Codecademy helps to teach real-world programming languages through games, in which principles of video games are utilized to inspire the user. [8]



Video games portal Games that are programmed by category List of digital organism simulators Visual programming language Zachtronics


References[edit]



^ Sayer, Matt (October 3, 2016). "Can Videogames Teach You Programming?". Minecraft Online Rock Paper Shotgun. Retrieved on October 3, 2016. ^ "Zachtronics book Zach-Like illustrates how the puzzle sausage is created". A b Caldwell, Brendan (November 9, 2015). "The 10 Most Fun Hacking, Computer Games, and Coding" Rock Paper Shotgun. Retrieved October 3, 2016. ^ Caldwell, Brendan (September 27, 2016). "Wot I think: Hackmud" Rock Paper Shotgun. Retrieved on October 3, 2016. ^ Metz, Cade (September 24, 2014). "The 75-Year-Old Story Behind a Game that teaches preschoolers to Cod" Wired. Retrieved on October 3, 2016. O'Kelly, Jackie, and J. Paul Gibson. "RoboCode & problem-based learning: A non-prescriptive approach to teaching programming." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 38. 3 (2006): 217-221. ^ FInley, Klint (August 18, 2014). "New Minecraft Mod Teach you to code while playing". Wired. Retrieved on October 3, 2016, Retrieved October 3, 2016. "Codecademy "gamifies" the process of learning Javascript Wired. Retrieved October 3, 2016,


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